弹幕教学视频中学习者的眼动行为模式及其作用机制研究  

Research on Learners’Eye Movement Behavior Pattern and Mechanism in Instructional Videos with Danmaku

作　　者：王雪 张蕾 王崟羽 乔玉飞 李慧洋 Wang Xue;Zhang Lei;Wang Yinyu;Qiao Yufei;Li Huiyang(Faculty of Education,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387;Linyi Binhe Experimental School,Linyi Shandong 276000)

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学教育学部,天津300387 [2]临沂滨河实验学校,山东临沂276000

出　　处：《远程教育杂志》2022年第5期103-112,共10页Journal of Distance Education

基　　金：2021年度国家自然科学基金青年项目“教学视频中情绪设计对学习的影响机制及其优化方法研究”(项目编号:62107030)的研究成果。

摘　　要：教学视频中的弹幕可为学习者带来良好的社会性交互体验,因此其应用愈加广泛,而视频画面中弹幕的出现将改变学习者的视觉认知行为,进而影响情绪体验和学习效果。为了探究弹幕教学视频中学习者的眼动行为模式及其对视频学习体验和效果的影响,借助眼动仪采集54名大学生被试学习弹幕教学视频时的眼动数据;同时,使用情绪测试仪和量表测量被试的过程性和结果性情绪状态、认知负荷和学习效果。通过K-means聚类数据挖掘,发现有关注内容型、关注弹幕型、两者兼顾型三种眼动行为模式。组间差异分析结果表明,不同眼动行为模式学习者的学习体验和效果,也呈现出不同的特征:两者兼顾型学习者的结果性积极情绪和迁移测试成绩均显著更高,关注弹幕型和关注内容型学习者的结果性消极情绪显著更高,关注内容型学习者的感知难度显著更高。结构方程模型的分析结果表明,不同眼动行为模式对学习效果的影响,通过过程性积极情绪、认知负荷以及结果性积极情绪来调节和介导,并呈现出三条作用路径。最后,依据研究结果提出两条教学视频中弹幕设计与管理的建议:个性化调整弹幕显示,满足学习者的个体需求;智能化调整弹幕情绪,激发学习者的积极情绪。Danmaku in instructional videos is more and more widely used because it can bring learners good social interaction experiences.However,the appearance of danmaku in videos will impact learners’visual cognitive behavior,thus affecting their emotional experiences and learning effects.In order to explore the eye movement behavior pattern of learners in instructional videos with danmaku and its influence on video learning experiences and effects,the eye movement data of 54 college students were collected when learning danmaku instructional videos through an eye movement tracker.At the same time,the procedural and resulting emotional states,cognitive load,and learning effects were measured by a emotion tester and the instrumnents.K-means clustering data mining analysis results show that there are three types of eye movement behavior patterns:content-focused,danmaku-focused,and both-focused.The results of differences between group analysis show that learners with different eye movement behavior patterns have different learning experiences and effects:positive emotions and transfer tests are significantly higher for both-focused learners,negative emotions are significantly higher for content-focused learners and danmaku-focused learners,and the perception difficulty is significantly higher for content-focused learners.The results of structural equation model analysis show that the effects of different eye movement behavior patterns on learning effects are moderated and mediated by procedural positive emotion,cognitive load,and resulting positive emotion,and presents three pathways.Finally,based on the research results,two suggestions are put forward for the design and management of danmaku in instructional videos:personalized adjustment of the danmaku display to meet the individual needs of learners and intelligent adjustment of the danmaku emotion to induce learners’positive emotions.

关 键 词：教学视频 弹幕 眼动行为模式 情绪 认知负荷 学习效果 

分 类 号：G434[文化科学—教育学] G642[文化科学—教育技术学]