德意志国家的开明专制及其社会影响——以卡尔高等学校为例  

German Enlightened Despotism and Its Social Impact: A Study of Karlsschule Stuttgart

作　　者：王志华 WANG Zhi-hua

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学历史学系,200241

出　　处：《史林》2022年第3期195-205,222,共12页Historical Review

摘　　要：符腾堡公爵卡尔·欧根一系列开明专制政策实施受阻,是他决定创建卡尔高级学校的主要原因。学校一方面作为身体规训的工具,通过严格的作息时间表的日常规范,以及与之相结合的奖惩制度,不但为资产阶级社会打造合格个体,而且提前发掘其中的精英。另一方面,学校致力于知识生产的纪律化和学科化。一系列现代人文学科的落地,标志着资产阶级规训和治理话语体系的形成。学校短暂的历史引发了深远的影响,它的实践为符腾堡乃至于其他德意志国家高等教育的进一步发展指明了方向。因此,以卡尔·欧根为代表的开明专制君主并非封建阶级的维护者。从理论到实践,他们都服务于18世纪形成的资产阶级,在封建社会向资产阶级社会转型过程中扮演着不可或缺的积极角色。The present author reconstructs the history of short-lived Karlsschule Stuttgart,one of efforts made by Karl Eugen,Duke of Württemberg,to facilitate his enlightened despotic rule,and contends that this school exerted deep and far-reaching influence on Germany through its experimental work in promoting the higher education. By studying this school,he concludes that enlightened despots represented by Eugen were not apologists of feudalism but instead they,theoretically and practically,served the bourgeois society taking shape in the eighteenth century,thereby being indispensable to the German modernity.

关 键 词：开明专制 大学 资产阶级社会 席勒 符腾堡 

分 类 号：K516.33[历史地理—历史学]