闲暇活动对青少年学业成绩的影响及作用机制——基于CEPS数据的实证研究  

The Influence and Mechanism of Leisure-Time Activity on Teenagers’Academic achievement——An Empirical Research Based on CEPS Data

作　　者：徐晟 XU Sheng(School of Education Science,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210024,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学教育科学学院,江苏南京210024

出　　处：《湖南师范大学教育科学学报》2022年第4期25-38,共14页Journal of Educational Science of Hunan Normal University

摘　　要：研究基于中国教育追踪调查基线数据,采用普通最小二乘法、广义倾向得分匹配和中介效应模型,分析了闲暇活动对我国青少年学业成绩的影响,检验了不同时长闲暇活动影响学业成绩的具体机制。研究发现:除上学日娱乐闲暇活动对学业成绩有着持续的负面影响外,其余闲暇活动时长与学业成绩之间均存在“倒U形”关系,如发展闲暇活动时长在上学日每天1.6小时和周末每天2.72小时,以及周末娱乐闲暇活动时长在每天2.88小时,青少年能够取得最佳学业成绩,超过最佳时长,则阻碍学业成绩发展;闲暇活动对不同社会阶层青少年学业成绩的影响具有异质性,且更有利于中低阶层青少年的学业成绩发展;在影响机制上,适度时长的闲暇活动可以降低学业困难自我感知、增强学业自我效能感,进而促进学业成绩发展。基于上述发现,家长应树立“学逸结合”的教育理念,合理分配青少年学习与闲暇时间;学校应优化课后服务机制,满足青少年多样化闲暇需求;以“双减”为契机,家庭、学校与社会应构建协同闲暇教育体系,为弱势群体提供闲暇支持,最终促进新时代教育公平。Based on the baseline data of China Education Panel Survey,using the ordinary least square method,generalized propensity score matching and mediating effect model,this paper analyzes the causal effect of teenagers’after-school leisure activities on their academic achievement,and tests the specific impact mechanism of different after-school leisure activities on academic achievement.The study found that:except for the entertainment leisure time on school days have a continuous negative impact on academic achievement,there is an“inverted U-shaped”relationship between them,that is to say,when the developmental leisure time is kept at 1.6 hours per school day,2.72 hours per weekend,and for recreational leisure time,2.88 hours per weekend,teenagers can get the best academic achievement,while when it exceeds the optimal length,it will hinder the development of academic achievement;The causal effects of after-school leisure activities on academic achievement of adolescents with different family conditions are heterogeneous,and those with low-middle family conditions can achieve a greater improvement in academic achievement;In terms of influence mechanism,moderate leisure activities can promote the development of academic performance by reducing self-perceived academic difficulties and enhancing academic self-efficacy.It is suggested that parents should establish the educational concept of“combination of learning and leisure”and reasonably allocate family leisure time;Schools should optimize the after-school service mechanism to meet the diversified leisure needs of teenagers;The“double reduction”policy should be taken as an opportunity to build a family-school-community coordinated leisure education system,provide leisure support for vulnerable groups,and finally promote educational equity in the new era.

关 键 词：闲暇时间 学业成绩 广义倾向得分匹配 自感学业困难 学业自我效能感 

分 类 号：G442[哲学宗教—心理学]