欧亚类禽H1N1猪流感病毒研究进展  

Research Progress in the Study of Eurasian Avian-like H1N1 Swine Influenza Viruses

作　　者：李海玲 张世伟 冯亚莉[1] 冷昊钰 吕嘉铭 徐艺娜 苏超凡 汤思淇 王永涛 张莹[1] LI Hai-ling;ZHANG Shi-wei;FENG Ya-li;LENG Hao-yu;LU Jia-ming;XU Yi-na;SU Chao-fan;TANG Si-qi;WANG Yong-tao;ZHANG Ying(College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110161,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学动物科学与医学学院,沈阳110161

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2022年第4期492-503,共12页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：辽宁省“兴辽英才计划”项目(XLYC2007114);辽宁省重点研发项目(2020JH2/10200035)。

摘　　要：猪作为“流感病毒的混合容器”可以感染不同亚型的流感病毒,其中H1N1亚型在猪群中最为流行。可分为欧亚类禽H1N1猪流感病毒(Eurasian avian-like H1N1,EA H1N1)、经典猪流感病毒(Classical swine H1N1,CS H1N1)和2009年大流行H1N1病毒(2009 Pandemic H1N1,2009/H1N1)等。EA H1N1猪流感病毒自出现后便开始在欧洲和亚洲地区的猪群中快速传播,逐渐取代了当时流行的CS H1N1猪流感病毒。部分地区存在不同亚型的猪流感病毒或不同基因型的EA H1N1猪流感病毒共同传播的现象,特别是当2009/H1N1猪流感病毒出现后,为其重组提供了更多可选择的基因片段,增加了其发生重组的概率,其中G4基因型的EA H1N1猪流感病毒在哺乳动物中可表达出更强的适应性,成为优势基因型。通过氨基酸位点的突变,EA H1N1猪流感病毒实现了自身的进化,如病毒复制效率提高、毒力增强、突破物种屏障传播或耐药性的产生等,使现阶段针对其防治的手段受到牵制,多种因素共同奠定了其在传播中的主要地位,具有造成下一次流感大流行的潜力。阐明了EA H1N1猪流感病毒能够在传播过程中占据主导地位的原因,指出现阶段防治手段的局限性,并指出在以后的研究中应重点关注其在不断突破物种屏障传播时,通过基因片段的重组和关键氨基酸位点的突变而获得的适应性优势,以期为EA H1N1猪流感病毒的进一步研究提供相应的依据。Swine as a "mixed container of influenza viruses" can be infected with different subtypes of influenza viruses, of which the H1N1 subtype is the most prevalent in the swine populations. It can be divided into Eurasian avian-like H1N1(EA H1N1), Classical swine H1N1(CS H1N1) and 2009 Pandemic H1N1(2009/H1N1), etc. EA H1N1 swine influenza virus began to spread rapidly in swine populations in Europe and Asia since its emergence, and gradually replacing the CS H1N1 swine influenza virus that was circulating at that time. In some areas, different subtypes of swine influenza viruses or different genotypes of EA H1N1 swine influenza viruses were co-circulated, especially when 2009/H1N1 swine influenza viruses emerged, providing more selectable gene fragments for their recombination and increasing their probability of recombination, in which EA H1N1 swine influenza viruses of G4 genotype could express stronger adaptability in mammals and become the dominant genotype. Through the mutation of amino acid sites, EA H1N1swine influenza viruses have evolved, such as the improvement of virus replication efficiency, the enhancement of virulence, the transmission of breaking through the species barrier or the generation of drug resistance, etc., so that the current prevention and treatment methods are restrained, and many factors have combined to establish its main position in transmission, with the potential to cause the next influenza pandemic. To provide a corresponding basis for the oncoming research, we reviewed the EA H1N1 swine influenza virus, elucidating the reasons for its ability to dominate the transmission process, pointing out the limitations of the current control methods, and suggesting that future studies should focus on its adaptive advantages gained through recombination of gene fragments and mutation of key amino acid sites as it constantly breaks the species barrier to transmission.

关 键 词：欧亚类禽H1N1猪流感病毒 流行 重组 关键氨基酸位点 突变 

分 类 号：S855.3[农业科学—临床兽医学]