行政诉讼中“一行为一诉”规则的证成与适用——马生忠与固原市人民政府等房屋拆迁补偿纠纷案评析  

The Justification and Application of the “One Act, One Prosecution” Rule in Administrative Litigation——An Analysis on the Case of Compensation Dispute between Ma Shengzhong and Guyuan Municipal People’s Government

作　　者：朱可安 ZHU Ke-an(Guanghua Law School,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310000)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学光华法学院,浙江杭州310000

出　　处：《行政法学研究》2022年第5期166-176,共11页ADMINISTRATIVE LAW REVIEW

基　　金：2018年度教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“行政诉权滥用规制的实证分析和路径完善研究”(项目批准号:18YJC820026)。

摘　　要：“一行为一诉”规则,要求在一个行政诉讼程序中,原告的诉讼请求通常不得指向两个或两个以上行政行为,否则将构成诉讼请求不明确,不满足法定起诉条件“有具体的诉讼请求”。然而,对于具体的诉讼请求,“实体权利主张说”“合法权益说”“类型化说”“诉讼标的表明说”均未对被诉行政行为提出唯一性要求。通过澄清被诉行政行为是程序标的而非诉讼标的,且阐释保持诉讼法体系一致和确定诉讼类型的需要,可导出“单一程序标的表明说”,说明“一行为一诉”规则的必要性。公报案例“马案”具有指导意义。为充分保护当事人诉权,应经过识别诉讼请求是否指向复数程序标的、判断是否存在例外情形、法院释明、由原告固定诉请等步骤。The rule of “One Act, One Prosecution” requires that in an administrative procedure, the plaintiff ’s litigation claim shall not point to more than one administrative action in general, otherwise it will be an unclear litigation request and not meet the legal condition of prosecution with“specific litigation requests”.However, for “specific litigation requests” “Entity Claim Theory” “Legal rights and Interests Theory” “Typology Theory” and “The Statement of Litigation Object Theory” have not put forward unique requirements for the administrative action under litigation. By clarifying that the accused administrative act is the subject of procedure rather than the subject of litigation, and explaining the need to keep the system of Administrative Procedure Law consistent and to determine the type of litigations, the correctness of “The Single Object of Procedure Theory” can be proved, which represents the rule of “One Act, One Prosecution” is necessary. The bulletin case brought by Ma Shengzhong has a guiding significance. In order to fully protect the litigation rights, the court should identify whether the litigation request points to multiple subjects of procedural, judge whether there are exceptions, explain the rule and let the plaintiff clarify the claim.

关 键 词：行政诉讼 一行为一诉 具体的诉讼请求 程序标的 诉讼标的 

分 类 号：D925.3[政治法律—诉讼法学] D920.5[政治法律—法学]