中药砂仁性状鉴定与DNA条形码分子鉴定的对比研究  

Comparison between macroscopic identification and DNA barcoding identification of Amomi Fructus

作　　者：翟恩爱 米文娟 崔阳 洪伟峰 王亚顺 郭星妤 邹慧琴[1] 闫永红[1] ZHAI En-ai;MI Wen-juan;CUI Yang;HONG Wei-feng;WANG Ya-shun;GUO Xing-yu;ZOU Hui-qin;YAN Yong-hong(School of Chinese Materia Medica,Bejing University of Chinese Medicine,Bejing 102488,China;Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co.,Lud.,Nanjing 210042,China)

机构地区：[1]北京中医药大学中药学院,北京102488 [2]江苏先声药业有限公司,江苏南京210042

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2022年第17期4600-4608,共9页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(81403054)。

摘　　要：以砂仁为例研究中药传统性状鉴定与DNA条形码分子鉴定之间的相关性,并基于DNA条形码鉴定结果分析砂仁性状与其主要挥发性化学成分相结合鉴定砂仁品质的可靠性。首先,对13批市售砂仁的外观性状按2020年版《中国药典》进行描述并记录;以“百果重”“纵径、横径、纵横比”“电子鼻气味值、主要挥发性化学成分(龙脑、樟脑、柠檬烯、乙酸龙脑酯)”分别对应感官评价中的“个大、坚实、仁饱满”“气味浓厚者为佳”“以阳春砂质量最优”。其次,采用DNA条形码对13批砂仁进行鉴定。最后,利用聚类分析等手段,基于砂仁化学成分与性状的量化结果对其分类,将其与DNA条形码鉴定结果相比较:除去未判别出的6、10号样品外,传统性状鉴定与DNA条形码鉴定的结果均一致,鉴定率达84.62%;4个化学成分的含量和性状指标共同聚类的结果与DNA条形码鉴定结果相符合。表明DNA条形码分子鉴定技术可对传统性状鉴定结果进行补充和验证,为传统性状鉴定的继承与发展提供坚实的科学依据,且性状鉴别与化学鉴别相结合的分析手段对药材的品质鉴别更加准确。This study aims to explore the consistency between macroscopic identification and DNA barcoding identification of Amomi Fructus. With the DNA barcoding identification results, we evaluated the reliability of identifying Amomi Fructus quality by combining macroscopic traits with main volatile chemical components. Thirteen batches of Amomi Fructus samples were collected for identification. Firstly, the morphological and sensory characteristics of each sample were observed and recorded according to the standard in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition). The 100-fruit weight, longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, and longitudinal diameter-to-transverse diameter ratio were measured, which correspond to large, solid, and full kernel representing good quality in the sensory evaluation. The odor value detected by electronic nose and major volatile components(borneol, camphor, limonene, and borneol acetate) correspond to the sensory evaluation of strong odor representing good quality. Secondly, DNA barcoding was employed to identify the 13 batches of samples. Finally, clustering analysis was performed for the main volatile components and macroscopic traits, and the identification results were compared with those of DNA barcoding. Except two batches of samples(No.6 and No.10), the macroscopic identification showed the results consistent with those of DNA barcoding, with an identification rate of 84.62%. The clustering results of the content of four volatile chemical components and macroscopic traits were also consistent with the DNA barcoding identification results. DNA barcoding can verify the results of macroscopic identification and provide a scientific basis for the inheritance and development of macroscopic identification. Moreover, the combination of macroscopic traits and chemical components demonstrates higher accuracy in the quality evaluation of Chinese medicinal materials.

关 键 词：性状鉴定 DNA条形码 砂仁 百果重 电子鼻 

分 类 号：R282.5[医药卫生—中药学]