第一次世界大战后威尔逊对日政策的逻辑悖论  

The Logical Paradox of Wilson’s Policy Toward Japan During the Early Period after WW Ⅰ

作　　者：陈太勇[1] CHEN Tai-yong

机构地区：[1]四川大学日本研究中心,成都610065

出　　处：《吉林大学社会科学学报》2022年第5期219-234,240,共17页Jilin University Journal Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(18BSS036)。

摘　　要：第一次世界大战结束后,美国经济实力跃居世界首位,威尔逊主义应运而生并准备形塑世界。为构建美国主导下的亚太新秩序,战争尚未结束威尔逊便开始筹谋对日政策,勾勒亚太蓝图,以遏制日本的大陆政策,阻止日本向太平洋扩张。媾和开始后,美国处处针对日本,积极支持中国收回山东主权,而日本则联合英法步步紧逼,以退出国联相要挟,迫使威尔逊深陷抉择危机。若要顺利组建国联、实现美国霸权,就得对日妥协、牺牲中国;若欲推行门户开放政策、坚持民族自决原则,就须遏制日本扩张,这势必会加深日美对立。为实现国联计划,威尔逊最终屈蠖从权,与日英合谋,牺牲了中国在山东的权益。在取得日本对国联的支持后,威尔逊便开始竭力限制日本在山东的军事存在,以求在道义与政治之间获得平衡。从封锁遏制到合谋博弈,威尔逊对日政策的逻辑悖论,深刻反映了一战后国际秩序重塑时期美国与日英在殖民利益上既激烈争夺又适度妥协、既同谘合谋又博弈对抗的多维面相。After the First World War,The United States of America has become the world leader in economy. In the course of becoming THE world power on the international community,Wilson-ism was just the thing. For a new ly-built world order which was America-dominant,when the war was still on,the president and his think-tanker planned an Asian-Pacific blueprint where Japan’s Kontinental Politik was contained and its further encroachment into Pacific region prevented. As the truce began,America pitched itself against Japan,supporting China’s retrieval of Shandong,a province in northeast China and suggesting its Door Open policy on China. However,allied with UK,Japan threatened to withdraw from the League of Nations,an unborn international organization at that time. This made a huge decision crisis for Wilson and his team. On the one hand,if an organization on an international scale was to be established successfully with America as its leader,Wilson had to appease Japan and turn its back on China. But on the other,if a new world order was to be put into place,which means national self-determination principle should be considered a first priority and Japan’s aggression to other Asian countries must be stopped. Without any doubt,this would lead to a deeper antagonism between America and Japan and,Japan’s withdrawal from the League of Nations as a result. After a long and hard rethought,Wilson succumbed by conspiring with UK and Japan,ceding some of its economic interests in Shandong. After obtaining Japan’s YES vote for joining in the League of Nations,Wilson strove to put a cap on Japan’s economic interests and its military presence in Shan Dong,stating that both of which could not exceed that of Germany’s before the war. This was what America did to make up for China after its betrayal and w as its major attempt to strike a balance between its own political attainments and moral justice.

关 键 词：威尔逊 美国对日政策 山东问题 国际联盟 威尔逊主义 门户开放 

分 类 号：D871.2[政治法律—政治学] K712.52[政治法律—外交学] K313.45[历史地理—历史学] D831.3[历史地理—世界史]