模块化人工湿地的水力效率研究  

Hydraulic Efficiency of Modular Constructed Wetland

作　　者：刘兴国[1] 程峰 赵宇曦 肖舒文 孙照云 王婕 顾兆俊[1] 程果锋[1] LIU Xingguo;CHENG Feng;ZHAO Yuxi;XIAO Shuwen;SUN Zhaoyun;WANG Jie;GU Zhaojun;CHENG Guofeng(Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Insiute,Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences,Shanghai 200092,P.R.China;Nangjing Agriculure University,Nanjing 210095,Jiangsu,P.R.China;Shanghai OCcean Unitersity.Shanghai 201306,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所,上海200092 [2]南京农业大学,江苏南京210095 [3]上海海洋大学,上海201306

出　　处：《湿地科学》2022年第4期475-482,共8页Wetland Science

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-46);“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD0900300)资助。

摘　　要：传统的潜流式人工湿地主要利用卵石、砾石、炭渣等填料构建,存在着施工成本高、易堵塞和适应性低等问题。为了解决潜流式人工湿地存在的问题,设计了一种人工湿地模块,于2019年5月至10月,在上海市中国水产科学研究院池塘生态工程研究中心实验基地,构建了模块化人工湿地;采用脉冲示踪剂分析法,在植物种植、布水方式和水力负荷的6种组合方式下,研究了示踪剂在模块化人工湿地中的水力停留时间分布密度和模块化人工湿地的水力效率。研究结果表明,在模块化人工湿地中,植物根系易形成“滞水区”,减小了模块化人工湿地的有效体积比,缩短了平均水力停留时间,使模块化人工湿地水力效率增大;布水方式对模块化人工湿地的水力效率影响很大,与中间集中进水和侧表面均匀进水的布水方式下的水力效率相比,在全横断面均匀进水的布水方式下,模块化人工湿地的水力效率分别提高了155.60%和17.06%,进水水流分布越均匀,模块化人工湿地系统内的水流态越接近理想推流态;随着模块化人工湿地中水力负荷的增加,水流速度增大,植物根系对水流的滞留作用减弱,水流停留时间产生的影响减弱,模块化人工湿地系统达到稳定的时间和最大浓度的时间缩短,但是超过最小水力停留时间后,其水力效率迅速减小;与传统推流式和波流式人工湿地相比,模块化人工湿地中种植的植物、布水方式和水力负荷对其水力效率有显著影响。The traditional constructed wetland is constructed with pebbles, gravel, carbon slag and other fillers,which has the problems of high construction cost, easy blockage and low adaptability. In order to solve the above problems, a biological module was designed and a modular constructed wetland was constructed. The effects of plant planting, water distribution and hydraulic load on hydraulic efficiency were analyzed by pulse tracer analysis. The results showed that, the plant roots were easy to form a‘stagnant area’in the modular constructed wetland, which reduced the effective volume ratio of the constructed wetland, shortened the average hydraulic retention time and improved the hydraulic efficiency more than 15%. The water distribution mode had a great impact on the hydraulic efficiency of the module constructed wetland. The hydraulic efficiency of uniform water inflow in the whole cross section was the highest, 155.60% and 17.06% higher than those of centralized water inflow in the middle and side surface water inflow respectively. The more uniform the water flow distribution was, the closer the water flow pattern in the system was to the ideal flow pattern. With the increase of water load and flow velocity, the retention effect of plant roots on water flow was weakened, the influence of water retention time was weakened, and the time for the system to reach stability and maximum concentration was shortened, but the hydraulic efficiency decreased rapidly after exceeding the minimum hydraulic retention time. Compared with traditional constructed wetlands, plant planting, water distribution and large hydraulic load had a significant impact on the hydraulic efficiency of modular constructed wetlands. This study provided a basis for wetland module development and construction.

关 键 词：模块化人工湿地 植物 布水方式 水力负荷 水力效率 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]