互花米草向海洋方向入侵条件下闽江河口盐沼植物——土壤系统中磷的赋存特征  

Phosphorus Occurrence Characteristics of Plant-Soil System of Salt Marshes in Minjiang River Estuary under the Condition of Spartina alterniflora Seaward Invasion

作　　者：王晓颖 孙志高[1,2,3] 陈冰冰[1,2] 李亚瑾 毛立 武慧慧 张鹏飞 童晓雨[1,2] WANG Xiaoying;SUN Zhigao;CHEN Bingbing;LI Yajin;MAO Li;WU Huihui;ZHANG Pengfei;TONG Xiaoyu(Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process,Fujian Normal Unirersity,Fuzhou 350007,Fujian,P.R.China;Insitute of Geography,Fujian Normal Universiy,Fuzhou 350007,Fujian,P.R.China;Fujan Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Resources and Environment,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou350007,Fujian,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学湿润亚热带生态地理过程教育部重点实验室,福建福州350007 [2]福建师范大学地理研究所,福建福州350007 [3]福建省亚热带资源与环境重点实验室,福建师范大学,福建福州350007

出　　处：《湿地科学》2022年第4期573-581,共9页Wetland Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41971128);福建省“闽江学者奖励计划”项目资助。

摘　　要：向海洋方向入侵的互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)不仅能改变河口生态系统中磷元素的生物地球化学过程,而且能对河口生态系统的稳定和健康产生深刻影响。2019年4月(春季),在闽江河口鳝鱼滩东部的互花米草分布区,采用时空互代法,由陆地向海洋方向,选择互花米草已经入侵5~6 a的盐沼、互花米草已经入侵1~2 a的盐沼和光滩作为研究对象,在互花米草向海洋方向入侵条件下,研究植物—土壤系统中磷的赋存特征及其主要影响因素。研究结果表明,在互花米草向海洋方向入侵条件下,闽江河口鳝鱼滩东部的盐沼土壤中的全磷含量增大;与光滩相比,互花米草入侵5~6 a和1~2 a的盐沼土壤中的全磷含量分别增加了51.6%和27.1%;互花米草向海洋方向入侵不仅改变了盐沼土壤的颗粒组成、电导率、土壤有机质含量和全磷含量,而且改变了互花米草各器官中的全磷含量、磷累积系数和器官之间的磷转运能力;在互花米草已经入侵5~6 a的盐沼中,互花米草主要是通过减小根冠比和提高对磷的吸收和利用,维持其自身的生长;在互花米草已经入侵1~2 a的盐沼中,互花米草则是通过增大根冠比和提高根系向地上器官转运磷的能力,维持其自身的生长。互花米草向海洋方向入侵整体增大了植物—土壤系统的磷储量,提高了土壤有效磷养分的供给能力,这些都有利于加快互花米草向海洋方向入侵的速度。The seaward invasion of Spartina alterniflora not only affects the biogeochemical processes of phosphorus in estuarine marshes,but also produces profound influence on the stability and health of marsh ecosystems.In order to explore the impacts of seaward invasion of Spartina alterniflora on distributions and stocks of total phosphorus in plant-soil systems of the salt marshes in the east of Shanyutan tidal flat in the Minjiang River estuary,the space-for-time substitution method was applied,and the salt marsh after Spartina alterniflora seaward invasion for 5 years to 6 years,salt marshes after Spartina alterniflora seaward invasion for 1 year to 2 years and bare flat were as research objects in April 2019.The results showed that under the seaward invasion of Spartina alterniflora,the contents of total phosphorus in soils of salt marshes increased,and compared with the content of total phosphorus in soil of bare flat,those of the salt marsh after Spartina alterniflora seaward invasion for 5 years to 6 years and for 1 year to 2 years increased by 51.6%and 27.1%,respectively.The seaward invasion of Spartina alterniflora not only altered the grain composition,electrical conductivity,organic matter and total phosphorus contents in soils,but also changed the contents of total phosphorus and the capacities of phosphorus accumulation and translocation in various organs of Spartina alterniflora plant.The Spartina alterniflora invasion might adopt different strategies for phosphorus absorption and utilization.Thereinto,the Spartina alterniflora plant of seaward invasion for 5 years to 6 years generally maintained its growth by decreasing the ratio of root/shoot and enhancing the efficiency of phosphorus absorption and utilization,while that of seaward invasion for 1 year to 2 years maintained its growth by increasing the ratio of root/shoot and elevating the phosphorus translocation capacities from roots to aboveground parts.This paper found that the seaward invasion of Spartina alterniflora generally increased the phosph

关 键 词：磷 盐沼 光滩 植物—土壤系统 互花米草 入侵 闽江河口 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学]