膜下滴灌不同施肥处理对冬种马铃薯生长动态及产量的影响  

Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments with Drip Irrigation Under Mulch onthe Growth Dynamics and Yield of Potatoes Planted in Winter

作　　者：蔡章棣 CAI Zhang-di(Jinjiang Planting Technology Service Center,Quanzhou,Fujian 362200,China)

机构地区：[1]晋江市种植业技术服务中心,福建泉州362200

出　　处：《福建农业科技》2022年第7期56-60,共5页Fujian Agricultural Science and Technology

摘　　要：针对闽南冬种马铃薯普遍存在水肥施用量大引发利用率低、养分损失率高等问题,在整个生育期间总施肥量均为1875 kg·hm^(-2),设计3个处理,即水肥一体化滴灌A1、基肥沟施+水肥一体化滴灌A2、基肥一次性沟施A3(CK),研究膜下滴灌不同施肥处理对马铃薯品种闽薯1号生长和品质的影响。结果表明:与传统沟灌施肥(CK)比较,膜下滴灌不同施肥处理均可促进马铃薯株高、茎粗、商品率、粗蛋白含量、淀粉含量和维生素含量的增加,但还原糖含量随之降低。A1、A2处理促进了闽薯1号对土壤养分的吸收与积累,商品薯产量分别增加了8.15%、12.14%。A1处理的株高、茎粗、商品率、粗蛋白含量、淀粉含量和维生素含量较对照分别提高了1.50%、2.78%、4.93%、41.14%、35.26%、14.97%,还原糖含量降低了36.84%;A2处理的株高、茎粗、商品率、粗蛋白含量、淀粉含量和维生素含量较对照分别提高了12.45%、8.99%、5.51%、24.68%、15.63%、32.92%,还原糖含量降低了24.56%。A2处理适宜闽薯1号在闽南冬种大面积推广应用。By aiming at the problems of low utilization rate and high nutrient loss rate caused by large amount of water and fertilizer application,which were existed in the planting process of winter-planting potato in southern Fujian,when the total fertilization amount was 1875 kg·hm^(-2) during the whole growth period,three treatments were designed,namely,drip irrigation with the integration of water and fertilizer A1,ditch application of base fertilizer+drip irrigation with the integration of water and fertilizer A2,and one-off ditch application of base fertilizer A3(CK),thus to study the effects of different fertilization treatments of drip irrigation under mulch on the growth and quality of potato variety Minshu No.1.The results showed that compared with the traditional fertilization of ditch irrigation(CK),different fertilization treatments of drip irrigation under mulch could promote the increase of potato plant height,stem diameter,commercial rate,crude protein content,starch content and vitamin content,but the reducing sugar content was decreased.A1 and A2 treatments promoted the absorption and accumulation of soil nutrients in Minshu No.1,and the yield of commercial potato increased by 8.15%and 12.14%,respectively.Compared with the control group,the plant height,stem diameter,commercial rate,crude protein content,starch content and vitamin content in A1 treatment were increased by 1.50%,2.78%,4.93%,41.14%,35.26%and 14.97%,respectively,while the reducing sugar content was decreased by 36.84%.Compared with the control group,the plant height,stem diameter,commercial rate,crude protein content,starch content and vitamin content in A2 treatment were increased by 12.45%,8.99%,5.51%,24.68%,15.63%and 32.92%,respectively,while the reducing sugar content was decreased by 24.56%.Therefore,A2 treatment was suitable for the large-scale popularization and application of Minshu No.1 to be planted in winter in southern Fujian.

关 键 词：膜下滴灌 施肥处理 马铃薯 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]