无意识:从弗洛伊德到拉康  

The Unconscious:From Freud to Lacan

作　　者：马元龙[1] Ma Yuanlong(School of Liberal Arts,Renmin University of China,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学文学院,北京100872

出　　处：《外国文学》2022年第5期79-92,共14页Foreign Literature

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目(19FZWB047)。

摘　　要：在精神分析学的众多概念中,无意识是最为重要的一个。自弗洛伊德之后,不同的精神分析学家对无意识有不同的理解。然而就无意识这个概念而言,最为重要的两个人物就是弗洛伊德和拉康。弗洛伊德虽然曾经提出过三种认识无意识的观点:地形学的、动力学的、经济学的,但他最终未能揭示无意识的性质。借助现代语言学的启发,拉康为无意识提供了一种语言学的解释:无意识就是大他者的话语。拉康不仅不认为这个解释与弗洛伊德对立,而且有力地证明了语言学的观点早就以实践形态存在于弗洛伊德的文本中。Of the many concepts of psychoanalysis,the unconscious is no doubt the most important one.Since Freud,different psychoanalysts have had different understandings of this concept.However,as far as the unconscious is concerned,Freud and Lacan are definitely the two most important figures.Although Freud once provides three points of view of the unconscious--topographic one,dynamic one,and economic one,he eventually failed to reveal the nature of it.Inspired by modern linguistics,Lacan provides a linguistic explanation for the unconscious:the unconscious is the discourse of the Other.Instead of considering this aphorism opposed to Freud,Lacan strongly proves that the linguistic view has long existed in Freud's texts in practical form.

关 键 词：无意识 隐喻 换喻 能指 

分 类 号：G0[文化科学]