某奶牛场饲用玉米霉菌毒素的检测及霉菌的分离鉴定  

Detection of mycotoxin and identification of isolated mold in feed corn in a dairy farm

作　　者：李新锋 郭净邑 赵盼盼 郭建来[1] 常选妞[1] 刘昆 唐桂芬[1] 贾卫军 兰尊海 向瑞平[1] 薛通通 杨建平[1] LI Xinfeng;GUO Jingyi;ZHAO Panpan;GUO Jianlai;CHANG Xuanniu;LIU Kun;TANG Guifen;JIA Weijun;LAN Zunhai;XIANG Ruiping;XUE Tongtong;YANG Jianping(Henan Key Laboratory of Unconventional Feed Resources Innovative Utilization/Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Metabolic Diseases and Poisoning Diseases,Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy,Zhengzhou 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]河南牧业经济学院,河南省非常规饲料资源创新利用重点实验室/郑州市动物营养代谢病与中毒病重点实验室,郑州450046

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2022年第18期105-110,144,共7页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

基　　金：河南省科技厅产学研合作项目(172107000048);河南省高校重点科研项目(18A230006);河南牧业经济学院博士科研启动资金项目(2018HNUAHEDF026);河南牧业经济学院校科研创新基金项目(XKYCXJJ2020025)。

摘　　要：为了解某奶牛场饲用玉米中霉菌的污染情况,试验多次、多点采集饲用玉米样品5份,采用ELISA法测定样品中黄曲霉毒素B(aflatoxin B, AFB)、呕吐毒素(deoxynivalenol, DON)、玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalenone, ZEN)、赭曲霉毒素A(ochratoxin A, OTA)的含量,并分离样品中的霉菌,通过形态观察、PCR扩增和系统发育分析对其进行鉴定。结果表明:5份样品中AFB、DON、ZEN的检出率均为100%,OTA均未检出,其中1份样品中AFB含量超过国家限量标准,超标率为20%;DON和ZEN在所有样品中均未超标。经形态观察、PCR扩增和系统发育分析,最终从饲用玉米样品中鉴定出三种霉菌,即黄曲霉菌、索状青霉菌和增殖镰刀菌。说明该奶牛场饲用玉米饲料受到了黄曲霉菌、索状青霉菌、增殖镰刀菌所产生的多种霉菌毒素的污染。In order to find out the contamination of mycotoxins and mold in feeding corn of a dairy farm, five samples of feeding corn were collected at multiple points and multiple times. The contents of aflatoxin B(AFB), deoxynivalenol(DON), zearalenone(ZEN), and ochratoxin A(OTA) in samples were tested by ELISA. The molds in the samples were isolated and identified by morphological observation, PCR amplification and phylogenetic analysis. The results showed that the detection rates of AFB, DON and ZEN in five samples were 100%, and OTA was not detected. Among them, AFBcontent in one sample exceeded the national limit standard, which was 20% higher than the standard rate. DON and ZEN did not exceed the standard in all samples. After morphological observation, PCR amplification and phylogenetic analysis, three kinds of fungi were identified from the feed corn samples, namely Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium coriculatum and Fusarium proliferate. The results indicated that the feed corn of the dairy was contaminated by a variety of mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium coriculatum and Fusarium proliferate.

关 键 词：饲用玉米 霉菌毒素 霉菌 分离 鉴定 

分 类 号：S816.33[农业科学—饲料科学]