全球稀土贸易的资源环境净效益与公平性  

Analysis on the resource-environment net benefit and equity in the global trade of rare earth

作　　者：邸敬涵[1] 温宗国[2] DI Jing-han;WEN Zong-guo(School of Environment and Natural Resources,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;School of Environment,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学环境学院,北京100872 [2]清华大学环境学院,北京100084

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2022年第10期4909-4918,共10页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(72104241);中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助)项目成果(22XNKJ22);中国博士后科学基金第15批特别资助(站中)项目成果(2022T150716)。

摘　　要：为解决稀土资源贸易的资源环境不公平问题,结合生命周期评价方法与成本效益分析方法,核算了稀土资源产品国际贸易中所有国家的实际资源环境净效益,并判断未来国际制造业的三大主要发展趋势带来的影响.结果表明,2018年稀土资源产品国际贸易的实际资源环境净效益高达85亿美元,主要贡献来自于稀土原材料产品.未来国际制造业的发展格局下,尽管绿色发展与气候目标政策会降低17%的净效益,但依然是改善资源环境不公平问题的关键政策路径;产业链转移重构政策会减少11%的净效益,加剧经济水平较低国家的资源环境不公平问题;新兴制造业发展政策会增加76%的净效益,但经济水平较低国家的资源环境不公平问题依然较为严峻.To solve the inequity of resource and environment in rare earth resource products trade,this research evaluated the actual net benefits in resource and environment of all countries involved using Life Cycle Assessment combined with Cost-Benefit Analysis.This paper also assessed the impacts of trending developments in the global manufacturing industry under three main scenarios.Results show that in 2018 the actual net benefits reached 8.5billion dollars,mainly contributed by trading raw materials of rare earth.Under future scenarios,policies associated with green development and climate change goals are estimated to reduce net benefits by 17%,whereas they remain the predominant policy path for solving the inequity problem.The transfer and reconstruction of global industrial chains lead to an 11%decrease in net benefits,meanwhile exacerbating the inequity issue in low-income countries.Developments in the emerging manufacturing industry increase net benefits by 76%while leaving the severe inequity situation in low-income countries unresolved.

关 键 词：稀土资源产品 国际贸易 生命周期评价 成本效益分析 

分 类 号：X24[环境科学与工程—环境科学]