基于高通量测序技术挖掘分子遗传标记及其在蛋鸡生产中的精准应用  

Mining Molecular Genetic Markers Based on High-throughput Sequencing Technology and Its Accurate Application in Laying Hens Production

作　　者：赵金波 谭磊 潘洪彬[1] 黄畅 刘永[1] 王光正 豆腾飞 王坤[1] 李子健 葛长荣[1] ZHAO Jibo;TAN Lei;PAN Hongbin;HUANG Chang;LIU Yong;WANG Guangzheng;DOU Tengfei;WANG Kun;LI Zijian;GE Changrong(College of Animal Science and Technology,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qiqihar 161005,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学动物科学技术学院,昆明650201 [2]黑龙江省农业科学院畜牧兽医分院,齐齐哈尔161005

出　　处：《中国畜牧兽医》2022年第10期3866-3878,共13页China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：国家自然基金联合基金项目(U2002205);云南省苏正昌专家工作站(20149IC008);云南省西畴乌骨鸡产业科技特派团(202104BI090020);国家蛋鸡产业技术体系昆明综合试验站(CARS-40-S25)。

摘　　要：高通量测序技术是研究物种复杂生物性状遗传机制的基础,随着高通量测序技术的不断优化提升,一些与生物表型性状密切相关的基因组变异被精准地挖掘出来,其中包括单核苷酸多态位点(SNP)、小片段的插入或缺失(Indel)、拷贝数变异(CNV)以及结构变异(SV)为代表的分子标记。与传统遗传标记相比较,分子遗传标记具有多态性高、遍布整个基因组、检测手段简单快捷以及成本低廉的特点。通过检测覆盖全基因组范围内的分子标记,利用基因组水平的遗传信息对个体或群体遗传资源进行评估,能够缩短世代间隔、提高选种的准确性,进而在短期内取得较大的遗传进展。作者从高通量测序技术挖掘分子遗传标记角度入手,综述了三代测序技术发展历程和应用领域以及三代分子遗传标记检测技术在蛋鸡种业创新中的应用,并详细阐述了高通量测序技术与分子遗传标记相结合在蛋鸡群体遗传多样性及进化分类、群体遗传图谱的构建和功能基因定位、数量性状形成的遗传机制解析和质量性状形成的遗传机制解析等4个方面的精准应用,以期为蛋鸡基因组选择进入实质应用阶段提供科学依据和指导。High-throughput sequencing(HTS) is the basis for studying the genetic mechanisms of complex biological traits.With the continuous optimization and improvement of high-throughput sequencing technology, some genomic variations related to biological phenotype traits have been accurately excavated, including single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP),insertion/deletion(Indel),copy number variation(CNV),and structure variation(SV) as the representative molecular markers.Compared with the traditional breeding method, molecular genetic markers exhibit high polymorphism throughout the genome.The detection method is simple, quick, and economic.By detecting genome-wide molecular markers and using genome-wide genetic information to assess individual or population genetic resources, the generation interval can be shorten and the accuracy of seed selection can be improved, thus achieving great genetic progress in a short period of time.From the perspective of high-throughput sequencing technology mining molecular genetic markers, this paper summarizes the development history and application fields of third-generation sequencing technology and the application of third-generation molecular genetic marker detection technology in the innovation of laying hens breeding industry.Moreover, The precise application of high-throughput sequencing technology combined with molecular genetic markers in genetic diversity and evolutionary classification of laying hens, construction of population genetic map and mapping of functional genes, genetic mechanism analysis of quantitative traits and genetic mechanism analysis of quality traits were discussed in detail, in order to provide scientific basis and guidance for laying hens genome selection into practical application stage.

关 键 词：高通量测序技术 分子遗传标记 蛋鸡生产 精准应用 

分 类 号：Q28[生物学—细胞生物学]