食用菌土传真菌病原鉴定与检测研究进展  

Advances in pathogen identification and detection of soil-borne fungal diseases in edible mushrooms

作　　者：张志康 朱晓华 赵鹏 程显好 ZHANG Zhikang;ZHU Xiaohua;ZHAO Peng;CHENG Xianhao(School of Agriculture,Ludong University,Yantai 264025,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]鲁东大学农学院,山东烟台264025

出　　处：《中国瓜菜》2022年第10期10-15,共6页China Cucurbits And Vegetables

基　　金：烟台市校地融合发展项目(2021XDRHXMPT09)。

摘　　要：近年来食用菌产业发展迅速,土传真菌病害也日益严重,成为制约其产业发展的重要因素。土传真菌病害以土壤为传播媒介,常出现在需要覆土栽培的食用菌生产中。常见土传真菌病害包括双孢蘑菇疣孢霉病、顶枝孢霉病、白色石膏霉病、木霉病、蜘蛛网病、褐斑病;羊肚菌镰刀霉病、白霉病、白腐病;草菇菌孢小核菌病、褐腐病;鸡腿菇炭角菌病、菌柄溃疡病、蛛网病以及竹荪霉烂病等。与细菌、线虫等引起的土传病害相比,土传真菌病害更易于传播,对食用菌生产危害极大。我国食用菌土传真菌病害的研究基础薄弱,对重要土传真菌病原认识不清。笔者概述了食用菌生产过程中相关土传真菌病原鉴定及检测研究进展,可为准确快速地鉴定与检测土传真菌病原、预防食用菌土传病害发生及快速治理早期病害提供参考依据,以促进产业的健康稳定发展。In recent years,with the rapid development of edible mushroom industry,soil-borne fungal diseases have also become increasingly serious,which is impeding the development of the industry.Soil-borne fungal diseases are transmitted by soil and often occur on edible mushroom that need to be covered with soil during production.Soil-borne fungal pathogens include Mycogone perniciosa,Acremonium strictum,Scopulariopsis fimicola,Trichoderma virens,Cladobotryum mycophilum,Verticillium fungicola;Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti,Paecilomyces penicillatus,Aspergillus sp.;Sclerotium mycetospora,Xylaria pedunculata,Trichothecium roseum,and Cladobotryum protrusum.Compared with soil-borne diseases caused by bacteria and nematodes,soil-borne fungal diseases are easier to spread and cause greater damage to mushroom cultivation.We reviewed the progress of identification and detection of soil-borne fungal pathogens infected in edible mushrooms,to facilitate the control of soil-borne fungal diseases in edible mushrooms.

关 键 词：食用菌 土传真菌病害 形态鉴定 分子鉴定 

分 类 号：S646[农业科学—蔬菜学]