“参验法”与战国秦汉文辞  

“The Method of Comparison and Verification”and Writings in the Warring States and the Qin and Han Dynasties

作　　者：黄若舜[1] Huang Ruoshun(School of Liberal Arts,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210008,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学文学院,南京210008

出　　处：《北京大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第5期85-95,共11页Journal of Peking University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：“参验”是以道家循环史观为哲理基础,通过考察“物(事)变”之迹以判定事物发展趋势的方法。参验法深刻作用于战国秦汉时期的文辞,造就了一种就事论事、重视历史经验的文辞风格。参验必基于“虚静心术”,为准确考察物情事变,其潜在地要求参验者排除个人的主观杂质,故这类文辞多具冷峻的美学气质。至西汉中期之后经术兴起,遂发展出另一路以经术为根基的“述圣”之文,文辞传统中“历史”的重要性逐步让位于“经义”。尽管如此,参验法及其影响下的文辞特性仍以被统合的形式存在于后世文辞之中。“Comparison and verification”(参验)was a method to determine the trend of development for things by examining the trace of change of“things/events”on the philosophical basis of the Taoist cyclical view of history.This method had a profound effect on the writings of the Warring States and the Qin and Han Dynasties,and contributed to a writing style that tended to focus on facts and attached great importance to historical experience.Comparison and verification must be conducted“in a mental state of void quietness(虚静心术)”.In order to accurately examine the situations of things and changes of events,this method potentially required the person who made the comparison and verification to remove his subjective impure factors.Therefore,most of such writings had a sober and stern aesthetic temperament.The study of Confucian classics became popular after the mid-Western Han Dynasty,which led to the development of another type of writings“to narrate the virtue of the ancient sages(述圣)”on the basis of the study of Confucian classics,and the importance of“history”in the tradition of writings gradually gave way to“the doctrine of Confucian classics(经义)”.Nevertheless,the method of comparison and verification,together with the characteristics of writings under its influence,still existed in the form of being integrated in the later writings.

关 键 词：参验法 物变 虚静 经义 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]