濒危动物药材替代品的研究进展  

Substitutes for Endangered Animal Medicinal Materials:A Review

作　　者：叶洵 吴晓川 何林 刘子博 孙雪 王浩中 申重阳 吴纯洁[1] YE Xun;WU Xiaochuan;HE Lin;LIU Zibo;SUN Xue;WANG Haozhong;SHEN Chongyang;WU Chunjie(School of Pharmacy,School of Basic Medical Sciences,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Chengdu611137,China)

机构地区：[1]成都中医药大学药学院基础医学院,成都611137

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2022年第20期226-231,共6页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(82174226)。

摘　　要：濒危动物药材是中医药的重要组成部分,在疾病的治疗中具有独特性。目前,虎骨、犀牛角、穿山甲、羚羊角和熊胆等珍稀濒危动物药材,其来源动物均被列为国家重点保护动物,临床应用受到限制,现今解决方式主要是基于药理药效相似、亲缘关系相近、人工养殖、人工合成等途径寻找和开发濒危动物药材替代品。虽然人工养殖获取的熊胆、麝香及人工合成的虎骨、牛黄、麝香等可在一定程度上解决濒危动物药材短缺的现状,但仍存在养殖技术突破难、替代品行业内不完全认可等问题。据此,在对现有濒危动物药材替代品进行梳理的基础上,笔者提出了关于替代品“同源、同质、同效”的构想,拟构建利用前沿生物技术与多组学检测相结合的方式来开发、评价替代品的新思路,为保护珍稀濒危动物和解决濒危动物药材短缺问题提供一定的支撑。Endangered animal medicine is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine,which is distinctive in the treatment of diseases.At present,the rare and endangered medicinal materials such as tiger bone,rhinoceros horn,pangolin,antelope horn,bear bile are listed as national key protected animals,so their clinical application is limited,the current solution is mainly based on the ideas and methods of similar pharmacological effects,close genetic relationships,artificial breeding,and artificial synthesis to find and develop alternatives for endangered animal medicinal materials.Although artificially cultured bear bile and musk,and artificially synthesized tiger bone,bezoar and musk can solve the shortage of endangered animal medicines to a certain extent,there are still some problems such as difficult breakthroughs in breeding technology and incomplete recognition in the substitute industry.According to this,based on summarizing the existing substitutes for endangered animal medicines,our group proposed the concept of homology,homogeneity and equivalent of substitutes,and constructed a new idea to develop and evaluate substitutes by combining frontier biotechnology with multi-omics detection,so as to provide some support for protecting rare and endangered animals and solving the shortage of endangered animal medicines.

关 键 词：濒危动物药材 中药 替代品 解决途径 基原 人工合成 养殖 

分 类 号：R22[医药卫生—中医基础理论] R28[医药卫生—中医学] G353.11[文化科学—情报学] R93