有效辩护视域下的律师保密问题研究  

On the Confidentiality of Lawyer under the Perspective of Effective Defense

作　　者：廖常俊 LIAO Changjun

机构地区：[1]贵州省司法厅,贵州贵阳550002

出　　处：《贵州民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第3期95-123,共29页Journal of Guizhou Minzu University:Philosophy and Social Science

摘　　要：律师保密具有相对性,对案件当事人来说是义务,对国家机关和第三人来说则是权利。律师保密不仅有利于维护当事人对律师的信赖关系,实现有效辩护和代理,而且有利于保障当事人的人格尊严和辩护权的独立行使。我国立法上规定的保密规则具有可检讨之处,无论是保密主体、对象、范围,还是保密期限、例外情形、披露“度”的把握在操作中均有待明确。实践中律师泄密事件不在少数,但披露出来的较少,以至于人们对此认识不足。最严重的泄密事件是律师将当事人的秘密信息告知侦查机关。当前值班律师和法律援助辩护律师应当作为保守秘密的重点主体,律师在出书之前应当征得当事人的同意,在接受媒体采访或者与家人、朋友谈论案件时应谨言慎行。《中华人民共和国律师法》修改,应当对律师泄露案件信息的惩戒作出明确规定,刑事诉讼法应建立律师免证特权制度,刑法应将严重的律师泄密事件“入刑”。多措并举,才能保障律师保密规则的落地实施。The lawyer’s confidentiality is relative, meaning it is a duty to the client while a right to the state agencies and the third party. It is conducive to maintaining the trust of the client on the lawyer, realizing effective defense and agency, and safeguarding the independent exercise of personality dignity and defending right of the client. The Chinese legislated confidentiality rules have some room for improvement: more specificity should be made in practice regardless of confidentiality subject, object, scope, duration, exceptions or revelation extent. In practice the cases of lawyers’ confidentiality leaking are not few, but few of them have been publicized, made worse by the public’s insufficient understanding of how serious it could be. The most serious confidentiality leaking incidences are related to the lawyers’ exposing the confidential information to the probing agencies. At present the duty lawyer and the defending lawyer related to legal relief should be considered the major subjects for confidentiality keeping to the effect that the lawyer should obtain the client’s permission before accepting the media’s interview or that he should be cautious talking about the case with his family or friends. The modification of lawyer’s act should target at specifying the punishment in relation to the lawyer’s case information leaking, the criminal litigation law should work at setting up a privilege system for the lawyer’s exemption from certificate, and the criminal law should include the serious lawyer’s leaking incidence on the list of incrimination. It is argued that a variety of measures, when combined, can help safeguard the implementation of the lawyer’s confidentiality rules.

关 键 词：辩护律师 值班律师 保密规则 例外 免证权 

分 类 号：D925[政治法律—诉讼法学]