认罪认罚案件证明责任减轻释论  

Lessening of Proof Liability in Cases Involving Guilty Pleading and Punishment Admitting

作　　者：贾云静 JIA Yunjing

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学证据科学研究院,北京100088

出　　处：《贵州民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第3期124-143,共20页Journal of Guizhou Minzu University:Philosophy and Social Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“认罪认罚从宽制度实施中的证据问题研究”(17BFX062)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：伴随着程序简化,认罪认罚案件,如同既往的认罪案件,证明责任呈现形式减轻趋势;相较于不认罪案件,口供取得成为认罪认罚的前提,相应减轻了控方提出证据责任、说服责任,因而证明责任呈现实质减轻迹象。证明责任减轻首先是诉讼价值观变动、诉讼目的观转变以及合意式诉讼模式塑造等诉讼层面因素影响的产物。再者,认罪认罚案件证明责任的减轻系单极证明主体发生调整、证明重心产生转移和证明方式出现转向等多重因素促成的结果,具体归结为被告人以主体身份参与证明,证明重心侧重自愿性及具结过程合法性,并且证明方式以自由证明为主,综合导致控方证明责任减轻。而证明责任减轻带来的正当性隐忧和错案风险要求落实保障被追诉人相关诉讼权利的措施,更需审慎审查其自愿认罪认罚的主观动机及客观证据基础,以防范冤错案件发生。Along with the simplification of procedures, in the cases involving guilty pleading and punishment admitting, like the previous cases of punishment admitting, the proof liability tends to be lessened. Compared with those cases of guilty denying, testimony is a precondition for guilty pleading and punishment admitting here, and hence lessens the prosecuting party’s evidence and persuasion liabilities and accordingly the proof liability substantially. The lessening of proof is first of all a result of the shift of litigation value, the change of litigation purpose and the shaping of consensual litigation mode. Besides, the lessening of proof liability in the cases of guilty pleading and punishment admitting results from the adjustment of unipolar proof subject, the shift of proof focus and the transfer of proof manner, specifically attributed to the accused participating in proof as the subject, and the proof focus inclined to voluntariness and the legality of binding process as well as free proof as the main manner, comprehensively leading to the lessening of the proof party’s liability. Nevertheless, the lessening of proof liability brings about worries on legitimacy and risks of wronging cases, and thus it is required that the relevant litigation rights of the defendant should be guaranteed and the subjective motivation and objective evidence foundation of those willing to plead guilty and admit punishment should be examined with more caution lest the wronging cases occur.

关 键 词：认罪认罚案件 证明责任 减轻 诉讼理论 证明机制 

分 类 号：D925[政治法律—诉讼法学]