Molecular factors,diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal tract neuroendocrine tumors:An update  

作　　者：Efstathios Theodoros Pavlidis Theodoros Efstathios Pavlidis 

机构地区：[1]Department of 2^(nd) Surgical Propedeutic,Hippocration Hospital,Aristotle University of Thessaloniki,School of Medicine,Thessaloniki 54642,Greece [2]Department of 2^(nd) Surgical Propedeutic,Aristotle University of Thessaloniki,School of Medicine,Thessaloniki 54642,Greece

出　　处：《World Journal of Clinical Cases》2022年第27期9573-9587,共15页世界临床病例杂志

摘　　要：The prevalence of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors(GI-NETs) is increasing,and despite recent advances in their therapy,it remains inadequate in patients with advanced well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors.These tumors present many challenges concerning the molecular basis and genomic profile,pathophysiology,clinicopathological features,histopathologic classification,diagnosis and treatment.There has been an ongoing debate on diagnostic criteria and clinical behavior,and various changes have been made over the last few years.Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gastrointestinal system is a rare but highly malignant neoplasm that is genetically distinct from gastrointestinal system neuroendocrine tumors(NETs).The diagnosis and management have changed over the past decade.Emerging novel biomarkers and metabolic players in cancer cells are useful and promising new diagnostic tools.Progress in positron emission tomography-computerized tomography and scintigraphy with new radioactive agents(^(64)Cu-DOTATATE or ^(68)Ga-DOTATATE) replacing enough octreoscan,has improved further the current diagnostic imaging.Promising results provide targeted therapies with biological agents,new drugs,chemotherapy and immunotherapy.However,the role of surgery is important,since it is the cornerstone of management.Simultaneous resection of small bowel NETs with synchronous liver metastases is a surgical challenge.Endoscopy offers novel options not only for diagnosis but also for interventional management.The therapeutic option should be individualized based on current multidisciplinary information.

关 键 词：Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors Neuroendocrine neoplasms Mixed NEN Neuroendocrine carcinoma APUD cells CARCINOIDS Somatostatin analogs 

分 类 号：R735[医药卫生—肿瘤]