甘肃武威唐代吐谷浑王族墓葬群牲习俗初探  

A Preliminary Study on the Sacrificial Customs in the Tuyuhun Royal Family Tombs of the Tang Dynasty in Wuwei,Gansu Province

作　　者：沙琛乔 陈国科[1] 刘兵兵 SHA Chenqiao;CHEN Guoke;LIU Bingbing(Gansu Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology,Lanzhou,Gansu 730000)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省文物考古研究所,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《敦煌研究》2022年第4期23-35,共13页Dunhuang Research

基　　金：2020年国家社科基金重点项目"武周时期吐谷浑喜王慕容智墓出土资料整理研究"(20AKG007)。

摘　　要：2019至2021年甘肃武威唐代吐谷浑王族墓葬群新发掘的4座墓葬,墓道内皆有殉牲,以殉马为主,也有烧物及烧殉现象。此类殉牲习俗应与吐谷浑民族自身的生产模式以及鲜卑族的古老丧葬观念有关,其内涵是想借助殉牲和烧物的形式,护送亡者灵魂魂归故里。在举行殉牲活动的过程中,还有以刀面、血泪歌哭等丧葬仪式。至于吐谷浑墓葬中整马殉葬的形式,应在较大程度上受到吐蕃丧葬习俗的影响。Four Tuyuhun tombs dating from the Tang dynasty excavated between 2019 and 2021 in Wuwei contain the remains of burnt objects,burnt martyrs,and sacrificial animals,most of which are whole horses.The custom of sacrificing animals in these tombs is related to the living patterns and occupational customs of the Tuyuhun people,and to the ancient funeral practices of Xianbei culture,though the sacrificing of whole horses was likely due to the influence of Tibetan funeral customs.Sacrificial animals and burnt objects were meant to escort the souls of the dead back to their final spiritual homes.In the process of these sacrificial rituals,grand ceremonies would be held during which the mourners stabbed their faces with knives,sang dirges for the dead,and wept.

关 键 词：唐代 吐谷浑 武威 吐蕃 鲜卑 

分 类 号：K871.43[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]