优化碳同化实现作物高光效研究进展  

Advances in improvement of crop photosynthetic efficiency by optimizing the photosynthetic carbon assimilation

作　　者：张智胜[1] 朱国辉[1] 彭新湘[1] ZHANG Zhisheng;ZHU Guohui;PENG Xinxiang(College of Life Sciences,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学生命科学学院,广东广州510642

出　　处：《华南农业大学学报》2022年第6期69-77,共9页Journal of South China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2020YFA0907600);岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室科研项目(NZ2021004);国家自然科学基金(32070265)。

摘　　要：随着全球人口的持续增长和耕地面积的不断减少,人类生存所面临的粮食危机越来越严重。进一步提高作物产量是保障我国粮食生产安全的重要途径。光合作用是作物产量形成的物质基础,采用现代育种技术以提高作物光合效率为中心的作物改良被认为是新一轮的“绿色革命”。本文从提高Rubisco羧化活性、将C4光合途径引入C3作物、降低光呼吸碳耗损等方面,介绍了优化改进植物光合碳同化领域的研究进展、存在的瓶颈问题,以及提高作物光合效率的实践应用;对当前改善植物光合碳同化的研究重点和方向进行了展望。With the continuing growth of population and the decrease in arable lands, the global food crisis is becoming a serious problem for human beings. Therefore, further improving crop yield is important for our country to ensure food production safety. Photosynthesis is the material basis for crop yield, and the crop improvement focusing on increasing photosynthetic efficiency via modern breeding technologies is considered to be a new round of “Green revolution”. In this review, we summarize recent advances, current challenges, and applications in enhancing plant carbon assimilation through different approaches, including improving the carboxylation activity of Rubisco, introducing C4 photosynthesis into C3 crops, and reducing photorespiration.We also propose promising research emphasis and directions for imporving photosynthetic carbon assimilation of plants.

关 键 词：高光效 光合作用 光呼吸 作物 

分 类 号：Q945.11[生物学—植物学] S5[农业科学—作物学]