面向新型电力系统的虚拟电厂商业模式与关键技术  

Business Model and Key Technologies of Virtual Power Plant for New Power System

作　　者：葛鑫鑫 付志扬 徐飞[3] 王飞[1,4,5] 王俊龙 王涛[2] GE Xinxin;FU Zhiyang;XU Fei;WANG Fei;WANG Junlong;WANG Tao(Department of Electrical Engineering,North China Electric Power University,Baoding 071003,China;Department of Mathematics and Physics,North China Electric Power University,Baoding 071003,China;State Key Laboratory of Power System and Generation Equipment(Tsinghua University),Beijing 100084,China;State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources(North China Electric Power University),Beijing 102206,China;Hebei Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Storage and Microgrid(North China Electric Power University),Baoding 071003,China;State Grid Hebei Electric Power Co.,Ltd.,Shijiazhuang 050022,China)

机构地区：[1]华北电力大学电力工程系,河北省保定市071003 [2]华北电力大学数理系,河北省保定市071003 [3]电力系统及大型发电设备安全控制和仿真国家重点实验室(清华大学),北京市100084 [4]新能源电力系统国家重点实验室(华北电力大学),北京市102206 [5]河北省分布式储能与微网重点实验室(华北电力大学),河北省保定市071003 [6]国网河北省电力有限公司,河北省石家庄市050022

出　　处：《电力系统自动化》2022年第18期129-146,共18页Automation of Electric Power Systems

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2018YFE0122200);国家电网公司科技项目(SGHEYX00SCJS2000037)。

摘　　要：以新能源为主体的新型电力系统的电源侧结构与负荷侧形态均发生深刻变化,导致其电力电量平衡困难日益凸显,对用户侧灵活性可调节资源的需求更为迫切。虚拟电厂通过需求响应和协调控制聚合海量、分散、多元的柔性负荷与分布式资源,形成大容量的统一灵活调节能力,对保障新型电力系统安全稳定运行至关重要。文中从虚拟电厂的基本概念、商业模式和关键技术三方面进行综述。首先,介绍了虚拟电厂的概念、特点和功能,对比分析了国内外具有借鉴意义的虚拟电厂示范工程;其次,从价值主张、资源组成、经营模式和成本收益等多方面阐述了虚拟电厂的商业模式;再次,从状态感知与灵活聚合、信息预测与容量估计、市场交易与优化决策、补偿结算与效益评估等方面综述了虚拟电厂关键技术,剖析了现有技术、模型和方法的重点与难点;最后,展望了面向新型电力系统的虚拟电厂未来发展方向。The power-source-side structure and load-side configuration of the new power system dominated with renewable energy have undergone profound changes,resulting in increasingly prominent difficulties in power and electricity balance,and more urgent demands for flexible and adjustable resources on the user side.Through demand response and coordinated control,the virtual power plant (VPP) aggregates massive,decentralized and diversified flexible loads and distributed energy resources to form a unified and flexible regulation capability of large capacity,which is crucial to ensure the safe and stable operation of the new power system.This paper summarizes the basic concept,business model and key technologies of VPP.Firstly,the concept,characteristics and functions of VPP are introduced,and the demonstration projects of VPP at home and abroad are compared and analyzed.Secondly,the business model of VPP is expounded from the aspects of value proposition,resource composition,business model and cost-benefit.Thirdly,the key technologies of VPP are summarized from the aspects of state perception and flexible aggregation,information prediction and capacity estimation,market transaction and optimization decision,compensation settlement and benefit evaluation,and the key and difficult points of the existing technologies,models and methods are analyzed.Finally,the future development direction of VPP for new power system is prospected.

关 键 词：虚拟电厂 需求响应 新型电力系统 分布式资源 商业模式 系统灵活性 

分 类 号：TM73[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]