1980—2018年浑善达克地区防风固沙服务时空变化及其驱动因素  

Spatiotemporal dynamics and drivers of wind erosion prevention service in Otindag from 1980 to 2018

作　　者：黄孟冬 肖玉[1,2] 秦克玉 甘爽 谢高地 刘婧雅[1,2] 王洋洋 牛樱楠 刘佳[1,2] HUANG Mengdong;XIAO Yu;QIN Keyu;GAN Shuang;XIE Gaodi;LIU Jingya;WANG Yangyang;NIU Yingnan;LIU Jia(Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《生态学报》2022年第18期7612-7629,共18页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41971272)。

摘　　要：防风固沙服务是干旱半干旱地区生态系统提供的最重要的防护型服务,对风蚀地区及周边区域的生态环境安全具有重要意义。基于修正的土壤风蚀方程(RWEQ)模型模拟了1980—2018年浑善达克地区防风固沙服务的时空变化,利用地理探测器分析了包括数值和类型变量的自然与社会经济因素对该区防风固沙服务空间格局的影响及交互作用。研究结果显示:(1)1980—2018年,单位面积防风固沙量波动下降,2015年单位面积防风固沙量最小,为13.01 kg/m^(2)。同时,防风固沙保有率波动增加,2018年保有率达到最大值,为94.28%;(2)土壤类型、年末牲畜数量、年降水量与人工造林面积是影响防风固沙服务空间变化的主要因素,其中,土壤类型对防风固沙服务空间变化的影响最大,q值为75.15%;(3)各驱动因素间的交互作用都会放大单因子对浑善达克地区防风固沙服务空间分布的影响。其中,年均温对防风固沙服务空间分布变化具有较强的间接影响。因此,在土壤类型、年均温的间接作用下,1980—2018年浑善达克重点生态功能区防风固沙能力整体提高、风蚀程度有所缓解与年均风速、年降水量变化,以及2000年之后京津风沙源工程引起的人工造林面积、年末牲畜数量的空间分布格局变化有密切关系。Wind erosion prevention service(WEPS)is a kind of protection services provided by ecosystems in arid and semi-arid regions,which is critical for protecting the ecological environment security of the soil erosion area and the surrounding area.Based on the Revised Wind Erosion Equation(RWEQ)model,this study simulated the spatiotemporal dynamics change of the WEPS and the soil retention rate.Then we used the Geodetector to analyze the independent contribution of natural and socio-economic factors including numerical variables and type variables to the spatial distribution of the WEPS.Also including the influence of the interaction between these factors on the spatial pattern of the WEPS in Otindag from 1980 to 2018.The results indicated that(1)from 1980 to 2018,the wind speed decline in the Otindag area,the implementation of eco-restoration policies such as area rotation grazing and grassland reseeding,combined with climate change suitable for vegetation growth,had improved the overall service capacity of the WEPS.The amount of wind erosion prevention per unit area decreased in fluctuations which was the minimum in 2015,with the number of 13.01 kg/m^(2).At the same time,the average soil retention rate increased in fluctuations and reached a maximum in 2018 which was 94.28%;(2)The soil type,the number of livestock at the end of the year,the annual precipitation and the area of artificial afforestation were the main factors affecting the spatial distribution pattern of WEPS.When the above driving factors were in the Skeletol primitive soils,52.84—86.86 million heads,404.21 mm,and 5167 hm^(2)respectively,the corresponding average amount of wind erosion prevention per unit area were the largest.Among them,the soil type played the most important role and its q value was 75.15%,while the q value of the number of livestock at the end of the year,the annual precipitation and the area of artificial afforestation were 25.20%,24.16%and 21.11%respectively;(3)The interaction between the driving factors would amplify the impact

关 键 词：防风固沙服务 修正的土壤风蚀方程(RWEQ) 时空变化 地理探测器 浑善达克地区 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]