我国生态环境大数据发展现状与展望  

Development Status and Prospects of Ecological Environment Big Data in China

作　　者：王运涛 王国强[1] 王桥 张庆竹 Wang Yuntao;Wang Guoqiang;Wang Qiao;Zhang Qingzhu(College of Water Sciences,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Faculty of Geographical Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Environment Research Institute,Shandong University,Qingdao 266237,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学水科学研究院,北京100875 [2]北京师范大学地理科学学部,北京100875 [3]山东大学环境研究院,山东青岛266237

出　　处：《中国工程科学》2022年第5期56-62,共7页Strategic Study of CAE

基　　金：中国工程院咨询项目“新时代国家生态环境大数据发展战略研究”(2021-XY-12)。

摘　　要：生态环境大数据可以通过提升生态环境治理体系和治理能力现代化来进一步支撑生态文明和美丽中国建设,然而我国生态环境大数据应用还存在思路与技术瓶颈,导致实施、落地困难。面向“十四五”生态环境保护对生态环境大数据的迫切需求,本文总结了我国生态环境大数据的发展现状,分别从机制建设、技术研发及业务支撑三方面分析我国生态环境大数据发展存在的问题,从生态环境状况智能感知与问题识别、演变规律及驱动机制挖掘、环境污染与生态系统受损溯源分析、情景模拟与预测评估、风险预警与应急决策、工作监督与绩效评价等六个方面指出生态环境大数据发展的重点方向,围绕管理机制体制、数据资源意识、技术研发与示范、资金投入与人才培养分别提出我国生态环境大数据发展对策建议,为“十四五”生态环境大数据高质量发展提供支撑。Ecological environment big data can further support the construction of ecological civilization and the construction of a beautiful China by modernizing the ecological environment governance system and capabilities.However,China’s eco-environmental big data strategy is difficult to implement because of mentality and technical bottlenecks.Facing the urgent demand of ecological environment protection for ecological environment big data during the 14th Five-Year period,this article summarizes the development status of ecological environment big data in China and analyzes the existing problems from three aspects:mechanism construction,technology research and development(R&D),and business support.Six key directions are presented:intelligent perception and problem identification of ecological environment;mining of evolution law and driving mechanism;traceability analysis of environmental pollution and ecosystem damages;scenario simulation and prediction evaluation;risk early warning and emergency decision-making;supervision and performance evaluation.Countermeasures are proposed focusing on management mechanism,data resource awareness,technology R&D and demonstration,capital investment,and talent training,thus to support the high-quality development of big data regarding ecological environment during the 14th Five-Year period.

关 键 词：生态环境 大数据 协同机制 资源意识 

分 类 号：X830.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]