我国地下水污染防治现状与对策研究  

Groundwater Pollution Prevention and Control in China:Current Status and Countermeasures

作　　者：任静 李娟 席北斗[3] 杨洋 鹿豪杰 史俊祥 Ren Jing;Li Juan;Xi Beidou;Yang Yang;Lu Haojie;Shi Junxiang(Department of Soil Ecology and Environment,Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the PRC,Beijing 100006,China;Technical Centre for Soil,Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing 100012,China;Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]中华人民共和国生态环境部土壤生态环境司,北京100006 [2]生态环境部土壤与农业农村生态环境监管技术中心,北京100012 [3]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012

出　　处：《中国工程科学》2022年第5期161-168,共8页Strategic Study of CAE

基　　金：中国工程院咨询项目“水污染防治法实施情况评估研究”(2019-XY-01);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项“京津冀地下水污染防治关键技术研究与工程示范项目”(2018ZX07109)。

摘　　要：地下水是我国重要的饮用水源和战略资源,但我国地下水水质总体不容乐观,污染防治工作总体起步较晚,地下水环境保护形势严峻,系统研判地下水污染防治工作面临的问题并提出针对性的对策,是遏制地下水污染趋势并实现稳中向好的重要保障。本文围绕地下水污染防治现有法规政策、管理现状及要求进行了系统梳理,并结合污染防治工作基础,对未来管理形势进行科学研判。结果表明,①地下水污染底数尚不清晰,分级分类管控基础不牢;②地下水污染形势日趋复杂,协同监管体系尚不完善;③地下水污染治理难度加大,污染防治成果应用不够;④地下水环境管理要求不断提升,污染防治创新动能不足。研究建议,通过持续推进重点区域地下水环境调查评估查明污染底数,支撑地下水污染的分级分类管控体系的建设;通过将多级地下水环境监测网建设和信息化监管手段相结合,实现地下水污染全过程防治的智能化、可视化协同监管;通过地下水污染防治项目试点实施及全国21个地下水污染防治试验区建设,形成可复制、可推广的绿色可持续地下水污染防治模式;通过地下水污染溯源、标准体系构建、自主知识产权软件等关键技术问题集中攻坚,提升地下水污染防治技术原始创新与管理支撑能力。希望相关研究能为新发展阶段国家地下水污染防治提供理论指导和决策支撑。Groundwater is a significant source of drinking water and a strategic resource for China.However,the groundwater quality in China is unoptimistic and China faces a severe situation regarding groundwater environment protection as its groundwater pollution prevention and control started late.Therefore,problems faced by groundwater pollution prevention and control should be researched and targeted countermeasures be proposed to curb the trend of groundwater pollution and improve groundwater quality.The study reviews the existing regulations and policies,management status,and requirements of groundwater pollution prevention and control in China,and predicts the future management trend.The results indicate the following challenges.(1)The groundwater pollution status is still unclear and hierarchical and classified management of groundwater pollution is lacking.(2)The groundwater pollution forms become increasingly complex and the regulatory system requires improvement.(3)The groundwater pollution control becomes increasingly difficult and only few control technologies were applied to underground pollution treatment.(4)The requirements of groundwater environmental management are constantly improving;however,the innovation impetus is insufficient.Therefore,we proposed several countermeasures.The pollution status should be identified through continuous investigation and assessment of groundwater environment in key regions,to support the construction of a hierarchical and classified management system.Intelligent,visualized,and coordinated supervision should be achieved by establishing a multilevel groundwater environmental monitoring network and adopting supervisory measures based on information technologies.Green and sustainable models should be formed and promoted through the experimental implementation of groundwater pollution prevention and control projects and by constructing 21 pilot sites.The original innovation and management capacities should be enhanced by focusing on key technical issues such as groundwater pol

关 键 词：地下水污染防治 地下水监测网 地下水环境管理 

分 类 号：X523[环境科学与工程—环境工程]