近百年汉语书面语的语域演变研究  

A Study of Register Change in Written Chinese Over the Last Century

作　　者：许家金 李佳蕾 XU Jiajin;LI Jialei

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学中国外语与教育研究中心/人工智能与人类语言重点实验室,北京100089 [2]北京邮电大学人文学院,北京100876

出　　处：《外语与外语教学》2022年第4期76-86,147,148,共13页Foreign Languages and Their Teaching

基　　金：北京市社科基金项目“语料库语言学史”(项目编号:20YYB013)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：现代汉语因时而变,或快或慢,或微观或全局。文献中不乏对现代汉语字词、句式的历时考察,然而对篇章特征的百年嬗变关注不多。本研究试以多维分析法(multidimensional analysis)探究百年间现代汉语书面语的语域(register)演变规律。研究发现,百年来现代汉语书面语语域总体呈现三大特征。(1)语篇功能明晰化,即从“叙、论共生”到“叙、论分立”。例如,1978年后的语料显示,互动性、论说性和叙事性成为相对稳定的自足功能维度;(2)交际距离趋近化。自1950年始,互动性在语篇功能维度中的位次得到突显。1978年后,互动性成为现代汉语的最重要功能维度。互动元素的增多拉近了读者与作者间的距离,使文本更加通俗平易;(3)历史时期关联性。新文化运动、政局变迁、改革开放等重大历史背景与现代汉语语篇功能存在高度相关。本质上,现代汉语的语域演变由“古语今言”以及“化西为中”等多重因素共同促成。Modern Chinese changes over time, be it fast or slow, microscopic or macroscopic. Many previous studies of modern Chinese have focused on the diachronic change of words and sentence patterns, but little has been done on the evolution of discourse features over the last 100 years. This study attempts to explore the register change of modern written Chinese over the past century using multidimensional analysis. Results show that the register change of written modern Chinese can be understood in three overarching orientations: 1) differentiation of discourse functions, namely, a transition from intermingled narration-argumentation to separated narration and argumentation. For instance, the post-1978 era sees interaction, argumentation, and narration as relatively stable autonomous discourse functions;2) proximization of communicative distance. Interactivity has gradually gained prominence in register-related discourse functions since 1950. since 1978, interactivity has stood out as the primary discourse function among others in written modern Chinese. This draws writers and readers closer and renders more readable texts;3) the discourse functions of modern Chinese registers have strong associations with given historical periods, such as the New Cultural Movement, changes of political power,and the Reform and Opening-Up in Chinese modern history. Essentially, multiple factors have contributed to the register change of modern written Chinese, such as the preservation of classical Chinese and the impact of foreign languages.

关 键 词：现代汉语书面语 语篇功能 语域演变 语体语法 语料库 

分 类 号：H0[语言文字—语言学]