家庭财产功能主义的法律范式  

The Legal Paradigm of Family Property Functionalism

作　　者：赵玉[1] Zhao Yu

机构地区：[1]国家检察官学院,北京102206

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2022年第8期88-108,206,共22页Social Sciences in China

摘　　要：新时代背景下,我国家庭财产多元化功能凸显,为衔接家庭法与财产法,建构家庭财产法的统一理念及解释论规则,需要家庭功能主义的方法支持。根据家庭财产的功能及其适用场域,可将家庭财产分为家庭生活财产、家庭经营财产以及家庭财产清算三种法律范式进行阐释。家庭生活财产的法律范式,应有助于提升家庭凝聚力,形成和谐家风的正向激励,通过日常家事代理制度的创新、家庭生活财产的契约自由限制、家庭成员之间赠与的法律行为障碍理论引入,使技术中立的财产法服务于家庭法的伦理价值。家庭经营财产的法律范式,应有助于家庭财产的稳定与经营秩序的顺畅,通过家庭财产的默示委托理论与经营主体的独立经营原则、经营财产的外观公示、家庭财产共有人的全面救济机制、经营性债务与家庭财产的区隔,实现家庭与市场的衔接和平衡。家庭财产清算的法律范式,应有助于实现社会财富分配的实质公正,穿透夫妻财产分割表象,考虑老年人与未成年人对家庭财产的依赖,保障家庭社会功能的持续平稳。家庭财产的享用、行使、处分饱含着爱、关怀和责任,基于家庭财产功能差异形成的不同法律范式,对应的是人的不同精神层面。In the context of the new era,the diversified functions of family property in China have become noticeable.In order to bridge family law and property law and to construct unified concepts and interpretive rules for Family Property Law,we need the methodological support of family functionalism.This can be divided into three legal paradigms on the basis of the functions of family property and applicable fields:the property of daily family life,family business property and family property liquidation.The legal paradigm for the first of these should help to enhance family cohesion and develop positive incentives for a harmonious family style.Technically neutral Property Law should serve the ethical values of Family Law through the innovation of the family life agency system,the limitations of contract freedom in family life property,and the introduction of theories of legal barriers relating to gifts between family members.The second,the legal paradigm of family business property,should contribute to the stability of family property and a smooth operational order.Through the theory of implied entrustment of family property and the principle of independent management of business entities,the public look of the exterior of the business property,the comprehensive relief mechanism for co-owners of family property,and the separation of business debt and family property,it will achieve interface and balance between the family and the market.The third,the legal paradigm of family property liquidation,should help to realize substantive justice in wealth distribution in society,should see through appearances in marital property division,should take into account the reliance on family property of the elderly and minors,and should ensure the stability of the family’s social function.The enjoyment,exercise and disposal of family property are imbued with love,care and responsibility.The different legal paradigms based on the different functions of family property correspond to the variations in people’s mental states.

关 键 词：家庭财产 夫妻共同财产 家庭成员 婚姻家庭 民法典 

分 类 号：D923.9[政治法律—民商法学]