高年级小学生营养知识和社会心理因素与视屏行为的关系  

Association of nutrition-related knowledge and psychosocial factors on screen related sedentary of primary school students aged 10-12 in Beijing

作　　者：李函凝 张亚迪 肖卓然 阿丽亚·依加提 李程 胡翼飞[1] 余焕玲[1] LI Hanning;ZHANG Yadi;XIAO Zhuoran;ALIYA Yijiati;LI Cheng;HU Yifei;YU Huanling(School of Public Health,Capital Medical University,Beijing(100069),China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学公共卫生学院,北京100069 [2]北京市营养源研究所

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2022年第9期1319-1323,共5页Chinese Journal of School Health

摘　　要：目的高年级小学生视屏行为现状,分析社会心理决定因素和营养相关知识对该行为的影响,为改善儿童视屏行为的干预设计提供多方面的指导。方法于2020年1月,方便抽取北京市2所小学四至六年级共1316名学生作为研究对象,通过问卷收集视屏行为(看电视、玩电子游戏)、自我效能、习惯强度、结果预期、目标实现能力和营养相关知识的相关信息。使用无序多分类Logistic回归和随机森林算法进行分析。结果小学生视屏频率为5.0(3.0,10.5)次/周,视屏时间为37.5(9.6,97.5)min/d。无序多分类Logistic回归结果显示,目标实现能力、营养相关知识、习惯强度、自我效能和性别与视屏频率的相关具有统计学意义(OR值分别为1.6,1.7,4.9,4.2,1.5),营养相关知识、习惯强度、自我效能、结果预期、年级与视屏时间的相关均有统计学意义(OR值分别为1.7,5.6,5.7,1.6,1.6,1.7)(P值均<0.05)。随机森林结果显示,重要程度排名前4位的相关因素,视屏频率方面为自我效能、目标实现能力、习惯强度和营养相关知识,视屏时间方面为自我效能、结果预期、营养相关知识和习惯强度。结论高年级小学生存在较严重的视屏行为,应增大针对其相关因素的健康教育力度。Objective To explore the screen related sedentary behavior among senior primary school students in Beijing and to analyze the influence of psychosocial determinants and nutrition-related knowledge on the behavior.Methods In January 2020,a total of 1316 students in grade 4-6 from two primary schools in Beijing were selected.Information on video-viewing(watching TV or playing video games),self-efficacy,habit strength,nutrition-related knowledge,outcome expectation and the capacity to persist toward goal attainment were collected through questionnaires.Disordered multi-classification Logistic regression and random forest algorithm were used to analyze the influencing factors.Results The frequency of screen related sedentary was 5.0(3.0,10.5)times/week,and the duration was 37.5(9.6,97.5)min/d in senior elementary school children.The results of disordered multi-classification Logistic regression showed that the capacity to persist toward goal attainment,nutrition-related knowledge,habit strength,self-efficacy and gender positively correlated with the frequency of screen related sedentary(OR=1.6,1.7,4.9,4.2,1.5),while the nutrition-related knowledge,habit strength,self-efficacy,outcome expectations,grade and gender positively correlated with screen time(OR=1.7,5.6,5.7,1.6,1.6,1.7)(P<0.05).Random forest regression tree model showed that the top four influencing factors on screen related sedentary frequency were self-efficacy,the capacity to persist toward goal attainment,habit strength and nutrition-related knowledge and the top four influencing factors on screen time were self-efficacy,outcome expectation,nutrition-related knowledge,habit strength.Conclusion Screen related sedentary behavior is prevalent among senior primary school students in Beijing.Health education should be strengthened regarding influencing factors of screen related sedentary behavior.

关 键 词：注视 眼 心理学 社会 知识 回归分析 学生 

分 类 号：R153.2[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学] G444[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学] G478[哲学宗教—心理学]