本无、法性与实相——汉晋时期般若中观“本体”概念接受史  

Tathata, Dharmata and Bhuta-samjna: History of the Acceptance of the Concept of “Ontology” in Prajna Madhyamika during the Han and Jin Dynasties

作　　者：刘成有[1] 刘锦程 LIU Cheng-you;LIU Jin-cheng(School of Philosophy and Religious Studies,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学哲学与宗教学学院,北京100081

出　　处：《中央民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第5期31-41,共11页Journal of Minzu University of China(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“中国特色社会主义宗教理论与实践问题研究”(项目编号:21JZD017)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：中国佛教与印度佛教既有同一性又有差异性。同一性表明佛教之为佛教的本质规定性,差异性则表明中国“选择性接受”原生型印度佛教时的种种“误读”或“异解”。就汉传佛教所表现出来的大乘般若中观哲学接受史而言,涉及认识对象的“本体”概念接受史,先后表现为“本无”“法性”“实相”三个关键词。支娄迦谶翻译《道行般若经》所使用的“本无”概念,反映着老庄哲学的深刻影响;道安基于《放光般若经》而开显出来的“法性”概念,深度影响到慧远佛教中国化的思想与实践;基于鸠摩罗什翻译般若中观经典而予以中国化诠释的僧肇“实相”哲学,更是极大地推进了汉传佛教对于般若中观的正确理解。而僧肇实相哲学以及后来三论宗的迅速盛极而衰,更是表明汉传佛教解决“此时此地此人”关怀时思维倾向的不可逆转。汉传佛教佛性与心性哲学的繁荣发展,是古代社会佛教中国化的显著表现。Chinese Buddhism and Indian Buddhism share both similarities as well as differences.Similarities indicate that Buddhism is the essential stipulation of Buddhism while the differences indicate various “misunderstandings” or “different interpretations” in China’s “selective acceptance” of the native type of Indian Buddhism. In terms of the acceptance history of Mahayana Prajna Midana philosophy expressed in Chinese Buddhism,it involves the history of acceptance of the concept of “ontology” of the cognition,and it has been manifested in three successive key words: “tathata”,“dharmata” and “bhuta-samjna”. The concept of “tathata” adopted by Lokaksema in the translation of Taoism Prajna Sutra reflects the profound influence of Laotsu and Chuang Tzu’s philosophy;Dao An’s concept of “dharmata”,which is based on the Prajna Sutra of Light,has profoundly influenced the Huiyuan’s thought and practice of the Sinicization of Buddhism;Seng Zhao ’s philosophy of “bhuta-samjna”, which was interpreted in China based on Kumarajiva’s translation of the Prajna Madhyamika classics,has greatly promoted the correct comprehension of Prajna Madhyamika in Chinese Buddhism. While the rapid prosperity and decline of the Seng Zhao’s “bhuta-samjna” philosophy and the subsequent Three-Treatises School also indicate the irreversible thinking shift of Chinese Buddhism in solving the concern of “this moment,this place,and this person”. The flourishing development of the Buddha-nature and the philosophy of mind-nature in Chinese Buddhism is a remarkable manifestation of the sinicization of Buddhism in ancient society.

关 键 词：本无 法性 实相 佛教中国化 

分 类 号：B94[哲学宗教—宗教学]