疫情防控常态化时期新型冠状病毒认知对老年人抑郁的影响:歧视知觉和风险感知的链式中介作用  

Impact of COVID-19 cognition on the elderly depression during the normalization of epidemic prevention and control: The chain mediated effect of discrimination perception and risk perception

作　　者：徐凯[1] XU Kai(School of Educational Science,Luoyang Normal University,Luoyang471934,China)

机构地区：[1]洛阳师范学院教育科学学院,471934

出　　处：《中国健康心理学杂志》2022年第10期1496-1501,共6页China Journal of Health Psychology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:72074235);河南省重点研发与推广专项(软科学研究)项目(编号:212400410306)。

摘　　要：目的:了解疫情防控常态化时期老年人抑郁现况以及新冠病毒认知、歧视知觉、风险感知的影响机制,为预防老年人抑郁及促进其心理健康提供依据。方法:使用自评抑郁量表、新冠病毒认知问卷、歧视知觉问卷和风险感知量表在河南省对235名老年人进行调查,分析老年人抑郁现况及其影响机制。结果:疫情防控常态化时期老年人抑郁症状检测率为27.66%。老年人抑郁都在性别、户籍、政治面貌上的分布差异没有统计学上的意义(P>0.05),而家庭收入低的老年人的抑郁得分显著高于家庭收入中等和高者(F=7.905,P<0.001)。新冠病毒认知、歧视知觉、风险感知与抑郁之间两两显著正相关(P<0.05)。新冠病毒认知不能直接预测抑郁,而是要通过歧视知觉(effect=0.114)、风险感知(effect=0.075)的单独中介作用以及歧视知觉→风险感知的链式中介作用(effect=0.017)对抑郁产生影响。结论:疫情防控常态化时期老年人的抑郁症状仍需关注,可通过多种途径普及新冠疫情科学知识、降低老年人的风险认知和被歧视感,从而有效促进老年人的心理健康。Objective:To investigate the status of depressive symptoms among the elderly in in 2021,and the influence mechanism of COVID-19 cognition, discrimination perception and risk perception, so as to provide evidence for the prevention of depression and the promotion of mental health.Methods:A total of 235 elderly people were investigated.Self-rating depression scale, COVID-19 cognition questionnaire, discrimination perception questionnaire and risk perception scale were completed to analyze the status of depressive symptoms and its influencing mechanism. Results:The detection rate of depressive symptoms was 27.66%.There were not statistically significant differences of demographic distribution of the elderly among gender, registered residence, political status(P>0.05),but the depression scores in the elderly with low family income were significantly higher than those in the middle-and high-income families(F=7.905,P<0.001).There was a significant positive correlation between COVID-19 cognition, discrimination perception, risk perception and depression(P<0.05).COVID-19 cognition could not directly predict depression, but affected depression through the mediating effect of discrimination perception(effect=0.114),risk perception(effect=0.075)and the chain mediating effect of discrimination perception→risk perception(effect=0.017).Conclusion:The depressive symptoms of the elderly still need to be concerned in 2021.It is possible to popularize scientific knowledge of COVID-19 through various ways, reduce the risk perception and discrimination of the elderly, and effectively promote the mental health of the elderly.

关 键 词：老年人 抑郁 新冠病毒认知 歧视知觉 风险感知 

分 类 号：R395.9[哲学宗教—心理学]