希腊化时期《读写术》的文本嬗变  

A Study on the Transmutation ofΤεχνήΓραμματικήin Hellenistic Period

作　　者：李志强[1] Li Zhiqiang

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学外国语学院

出　　处：《世界历史评论》2022年第3期196-212,295,共18页The World History Review

摘　　要：西方古典学早期著作《读写术》各章节内容与首节的全文主旨脱节,使学者们对其真伪产生怀疑。据史料可知《读写术》在公元前1世纪就已成书,书中内容前后体例不一,语法阐述从“诗性”初衷转向“理性”实质,表明该书在编纂和流传过程经历了删改。这种文本嬗变是亚历山大里亚地缘性学术和希腊斯多葛哲学融合的结果。亚历山大里亚学派注重对荷马史诗等典籍的校勘、考订和编纂,其学术传承成为《读写术》“诗性”的根源;斯多葛哲学的“理性”逻辑,影响了该书后来各章节的阐发与修订。其间,通用希腊语的使用、“技术”概念的发展、历史背景的更迭等因素,也影响了该书的传播和修订,促成其从“诗性”向“理性”的嬗变。《读写术》的文本嬗变本质上是希腊化时期地域文化与主流思潮融合的结果。ΤεχνήΓραμματική,as one of the important philological work in Hellenistic period,was also the first grammatical work in western linguistic history.It has always been under controversies as for the authenticity of this work because of the discordances of philological features among the chapters in this book.It is generally thought that this book was compiled in around 1st century BC.The philological features ofΤεχνήΓραμματικήs.It could be found that the inner-textual changes from Alexandrian to Stoic trend occurred because of the revision it suffered in the process of spreading and using.Such transmutation resulted from the syncretization of the regional Alexandrian scholarship and dominating Stoic philosophy.The academic atmosphere in Alexandria and the Alexandrian scholars’academic preference on Homeric epics madeΓραμματικήan important scholastic term at that time,which served as a direct cause of the poetic and philological features ofΤεχνήΓραμματική.However,the Stoic philosophers’rational grammatical conception,together with the overwhelming usage of Koine,the growing awareness ofΤεχνή,the transformation of historical background,and the pragmatic preference in grammatical teaching brought about the change of the philological featuresΤεχνήΓραμματική.

关 键 词：《读写术》 亚历山大里亚 斯多葛学派 思想融合 文本嬗变 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]