凯兴斯泰纳与德国双元职业教育制度的创建  

Kerschensteiner and the Creation of German Dual Vocational Education System

作　　者：傅修远 荣艳红[2] Fu Xiuyuan;Rong Yanhong(Industrial Center of Nanjing Institute of Engineering,Nanjing 211167;College of Education of Hebei University)

机构地区：[1]南京工程学院工业中心,南京211167 [2]河北大学教育学院

出　　处：《职业技术教育》2022年第19期73-79,共7页Vocational and Technical Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“十三五”规划2017年度教育学一般课题“欧美发达国家职业教育立法的路径、机制与模式研究”(BJA170091),主持人:荣艳红。

摘　　要：德国双元职业教育制度是蜚声世界的一种教育制度,凯兴斯泰纳是双元职业教育制度的主要奠基者。在德国工业化、城市化对于青少年的国民教育提出迫切要求,而原有继续教育机构无力承担该重任的情况下,解决青少年的国民教育问题成为凯兴斯泰纳为双元职业教育制度奠基的重要起因。凯兴斯泰纳将学徒教育与继续教育的联合作为实现国民教育目标的最主要路径,从而在理论上使双元制有了出现的可能;凯兴斯泰纳力促学徒教育与继续教育联合的慕尼黑体系的出现,客观上为双元制的出现提供了现实基础。第二次世界大战后,慕尼黑体系决定了德国职业教育的基本形态,双元职业教育制度正是在改造慕尼黑体系的基础上产生的。German dual vocational education system is a world-famous educational system, and Kerschensteiner is the main founder of this system. When industrialization and urbanization in Germany put forwards an urgent demand for youth civic education, and the original continuing education institutions are unable to cope with this challenge, solving the problem of civic education has become the logical starting point of Kerschensteiner’s education theory and practice. Kerschensteiner’s civic education scheme takes the combination of apprenticeship and continuing education as the main vehicle to achieve the goal, which makes the emergence of dual system theoretically possible;Kerschensteiner’s practice of promoting the combination of apprenticeship and continuing education objectively provides a possibility for the emergence of dual system. After the second world war, the Munich system of the integration of two kinds of education promoted by him determines the basic form of vocational education in Germany in this period, and the dual vocational education system is created on the basis of transforming his theory and practice.

关 键 词：凯兴斯泰纳 学徒教育 继续教育学校 双元职业教育制度 德国 

分 类 号：G719.516[文化科学—职业技术教育学]