论作为人权的居住权  

On the Right of Habitation as a Human Right

作　　者：刘志强 卢昇 LIU Zhiqiang;LU Sheng(Institute for Human Rights,Guangzhou University)

机构地区：[1]广州大学人权研究院

出　　处：《人权法学》2022年第5期85-99,155,156,共17页Journal of Human Rights Law

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“‘以人民为中心’人权理念研究”(20JJD820008);中国人权研究会2020年度部级研究重点课题“新时代中国特色人权话语体系诠释”(CSHRS2020-02ZD)。

摘　　要：居住权是我国《民法典》创设的一项具体权利,从人权属性、人权规范两个层面来审视居住权可以更好地扩展这一权利的功能。从人权属性来看,居住权是道德权利、普遍性权利、对弱者进行特殊保护的权利和具有发展性的权利。从人权规范依据来看,居住权是由国际人权公约“基本生活水准权”衍生的权利,也是从我国宪法“国家尊重和保障人权”“人格尊严”等规范中推导出的未详尽列举的概括性权利。从居住权功能来看,主要体现在物质功能、精神属性功能和发展功能之上,从而全面、整体提供居住权复合功能,以便实现人民幸福生活的美好愿望。可以经由居住权的主体、义务、内容等构建,提炼出作为人权的居住权的权利本质和基本原理。The right of habitation is a specific right established in the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China.What cannot be ignored is that the core value of the right of habitation—"having a dwelling to live in"—is the premise and foundation for people to participate in family and social life and engage in all activities.As a necessary component of the right to subsistence,the right of habitation needs to be recognized and protected from the perspective of fundamental human rights.It can be better expanded by examination from two levels:human rights attributes and human rights norms.In terms of human rights attributes,the right of habitation is a moral right,a universal right and a right to provide special protection for the weak.The moral value of the right of habitation constitutes the foundation of the legitimacy of human rights,containing the essential connotation that human rights are a minimum standard and aiming to ensure that the vulnerable groups live with dignity.In terms of human rights norms,the concept of"the right of habitation",first introduced in the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China,has no complete equivalence in international human rights norms,but its basis has been built by the provisions and interpretations of international norms related to the right to housing,housing right,the right to an adequate standard of living,or the right to adequate housing,which are similar concepts to the right of habitation.The right of habitation,the right to housing and the right to adequate housing can be distinguished from each other as follows:the right of habitation satisfies people’s bottom-line requirement of"wanting"to have a home;the right to housing meets the basic requirement of people to have a home;and the right to adequate housing is to have a home suitable for living in.The right of habitation is also a legal right derived from the basic rights norms of the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China,which is included in the extensions of the right clauses of"the state re

关 键 词：居住权 人权属性 人权规范 人权功能 法权架构 

分 类 号：D621.5[政治法律—政治学]