2010-2019年西藏粮食增产的贡献因素  

Factors contributing to increased grain yield from 2010 to 2019 in Tibet, China

作　　者：刘国一 普布贵吉 甘雅文[2] 扎西罗布[2] 唐亚伟[2] LIU Guoyi;Pubu Guiji;GAN Yawen;Zhaxi Luobu;TANG Yawei(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Lhasa 850032,China;Institute of Agriculture,Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Lhasa 850032,China)

机构地区：[1]西藏自治区农牧科学院农业资源与环境研究所,拉萨850032 [2]西藏自治区农牧科学院农业研究所,拉萨850032

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2022年第4期931-934,共4页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0303)资助。

摘　　要：粮食安全关系到西藏农牧民的生计与社会稳定.为促进粮食产量提高,以西藏自治区7个地级行政区为生产单元,采用2010-2019年粮食作物的播种面积、产量等数据,运用迪氏指数法定量分析10年来各行政区粮食产量变化差异,探讨粮食增产的主要因素.结果表明:(1)近10年来西藏粮食增长趋势较为明显,增幅达15.9%;(2)日喀则是西藏的主要粮食产区,对粮食增产的贡献率最大,为42.2%;(3)近年来的产业结构调整进一步突出了青稞的重要位置,增加了青稞的播种面积,青稞对粮食产量的贡献率达到76.6%;(4)从全区来看,对粮食增产的主要贡献因素是作物播种面积增加.因此,近年来西藏主要通过调整种植结构和扩大种植面积获得了增产,而在未来可积极开展复种措施、提高耕地利用系数(如西藏雅鲁藏布江中下游区域)以及通过增加科技投入,如改良品种、推行测土配方、提高农业机械化率等措施来提高作物单产、增加粮食总产.(图2表3参14)Food security is related to the social stability of farmers and herders in Tibet, China. To promote increased grain yield, the regions and crop contribution rates that have increased grain yield in Tibet over the past ten years were analyzed in seven prefectures. Planting area, yield, and other grain crop data from 2010 to 2019 were quantitatively analyzed using the Diesel index method. The analyses revealed four main findings:(1)The grain growth trend in Tibet in the past 10 years is relatively obvious, with an increase of 15.9%.(2) Xigazêhas been the main grain-producing area in Tibet, with the largest contribution rate of 42.2% to the increase in grain yield.(3) In recent years, the adjustment of industrial structure has further highlighted the importance of highland barley. This prompted an increase in the sown area of highland barley. The contribution rate to grain yield has reached 76.6%. Finally,(4) considering the entire region, the main factor contributing to the increased grain yield was the increased planting area of crops. Under the condition that the cultivated land area remains unchanged, multiple cropping measures can be actively implemented in the middle and lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River in Tibet to improve the utilization coefficient of cultivated land. In the future, Tibet will be restricted in the ability to increase yield by expanding the planting area and adjusting planting structure. However,by increasing investment in science and technology, improving varieties, implementing soil testing formulas, and increasing the rate of agricultural mechanization, crop yields and total grain yield can be increased.

关 键 词：粮食 青稞 增产 西藏 贡献率 贡献因素 

分 类 号：F326.11[经济管理—产业经济]