基于文本与实证分析的扬雄《方言》再认识  

Re-understanding of Yang Xiong(扬雄)’s Fangyan(方言) Based on Textual and Empirical Analysis

作　　者：汪启明[1] 张蓓 WANG Qi-ming;ZHANG Bei(School of Humanities,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu Sichuan 611756,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学人文学院,成都611756

出　　处：《语言研究》2022年第4期72-84,共13页Studies in Language and Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“方志中方言资料的整理、辑录及数字化工程”(15ZDB107)。

摘　　要：从扬雄《方言》文本分析,整条未注明通行区域者353条,占全书686条的51.5%;另有条目中部分词语未注明通行区域者82条,占全书的11.9%。那些注明了汉代及以前词语各地的不同说法的条目,扬雄并没有指出这些话只在这个地方通行。因此,《方言》中的不少方言词,本身又是通语词,实际通行区域要大大扩充。这既有《方言》的内部证据,又有上古时期文献的外部证据。《方言》条目和词语的年代堆积近千年,因此,科学研究《方言》的前提是切割《方言》中的通语和其他非方言成份,分清《方言》条目性质及其中条目的历史层次,尤其那些“方言+通语”形式的词。否则,无论是断代方言研究、方言分区研究、上古方言接触研究、《方言》的属性研究和价值判断都难以深入下去。论文通过文本与实证的双重分析,指出扬雄《方言》是一个时地交错、来源多样,混合了通语和方言、古语和今语、汉语和外来语、少数民族语的复杂系统。Based on the analysis of Yang Xiong(扬雄)’s Fangyan(方言),there are 353 entries that do not indicate the passage area,accounting for 51.5%of the 686 entries in the book.In addition,there are 82 entries with some words in the entry that do not indicate the passage area,accounting for 11.9%of the book.For those entries that indicate different sayings in various places in the Han Dynasty and previous words,Yang Xiong(扬雄)did not point out that these words only prevailed in this place.Therefore,many of the dialect words in Fangyan(方言)are themselves Tongyu(通语),and the actual passage area has to be greatly expanded.This has not only the internal evidence of Fangyan(方言),but also the external evidence of ancient literature.The entries and words of Fangyan(方言)have accumulated nearly a thousand years.Therefore,the premise of scientific research on Fangyan(方言)is to cut the Tongyu(通语)and other non-dialectic elements in Fangyan(方言),distinguish the nature of the entries in Fangyan(方言)and the historical levels of the entries,especially those words in the form of"Dialect+Tongyu(通语)".Otherwise,it will be difficult to go deep whether it is the study of dialects,the study of dialect zoning,the contact study of ancient dialects,the attribute research and value judgment of Fangyan(方言).The thesis points out that Yang Xiong(扬雄)’s Fangyan(方言)is a complex system of intertwined time and place,diverse sources,and a mixture of common language and dialects,ancient and modern languages,Chinese and foreign languages,and minority languages through dual analysis of text and empirical evidence.

关 键 词：《方言》 混合语 复杂系统 

分 类 号：H171[语言文字—汉语]