基于六旋翼无人机的定量供种离心式水稻播种装置设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Centrifugal Seeding Equipment with Quantitative Seed Supplying for Rice Based on UAV

作　　者：彭永福 刘兆朋 陈雄飞[1] 刘木华[1] 周博聪 余佳佳[1] 刘俊安 余国栋 PENG Yongfu;LIU Zhaopeng;CHEN Xiongfei;LIU Muhua;ZHOU Bocong;YU Jiajia;LIU Junan;YU Guodong(Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment/College of Engineering Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学江西省现代农业装备重点实验室/工学院,江西南昌330045

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2022年第5期1283-1291,共9页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：江西省重点研发项目(20201BBF61009);江西省农机装备应用产业技术体系(JXARS-21)。

摘　　要：【目的】针对南方丘陵水稻机械化种植的农机下田作业难、水网平湖交织区泥脚深易陷车等问题,基于3WWDZ-16A六旋翼无人机不受地形限制、高效、便捷等优点,配套研制了一种定量供种离心式水稻播种装置。【方法】以长粒型杂交籼稻万象优华占、中粒型常规籼稻黄华占和短粒型杂交粳稻甬优12为试验对象,测试了其机械物理特性,并计算确定了种箱容积和结构;理论分析确定了定量供种螺旋直径和临界转速,开展了螺旋转速20~100 r/min播种量稳定性的台架试验,明确了定量供种螺旋转速与播种量的线性关系。以无人机前进速度(1.5~2.5 m/s)、作业高度(1.5~2.5 m)和螺旋转速(30~50 r/min)为自变量,开展了该装置的全因素飞播试验,并通过分布均匀度、实际落种量误差和有效播宽评价其播种性能。【结果】该装置能实现定量播种万象优华占、黄华占和甬优12,且落种量呈现中间集中两侧减少现象,其前进速度和定量供种螺旋的转速直接影响落种量,且实际落种量误差随着前进速度增大而逐渐趋于稳定,并构建了无人机播种的有效幅宽与前进速度、作业高度和螺旋转速的数学模型,分布均匀度主要集中在10%~35%,实际落种量误差处于0~25%范围。基于无人机飞播的最佳运行参数,开展了田间试验。当无人机前进速度为2.0 m/s、作业高度为2.00 m和螺旋转速为20 r/min时,该装置飞播野香优2号有效播宽6 m,播种量变异系数为18.70%,实际落种量误差为13.64%。【结论】研制的水稻播种装置满足水稻播种农艺要求和无人机飞播行业标准,为无人机水稻播种技术和装备研究提供参考。[Objective]Due to the difficult operation of farm machinery for mechanized rice planting in Southern hilly area and the machines trapping by the deep field in the water-net interactions during mechanical planting rice in the southern China,3WWDZ-16A six-rotor drone was employed to design a centrifugal seeding equipment with quantitative seed supplying for rice.[Method]The characteristic of indica hybrid rice Wanxiangyouhuazhan,the conventional indica rice Huanghuazhan and the japonica hybrid rice Yongyou12 were chosen as the research object and their physical properties were tested.The structure and volume of seed box,the diameter and maximum speed of screw were analyzed,the seeding rate experiment was conducted to identify the linear relationship between the rotational speed of screw 20-100 r/min and the seeding rate.Taking the forward speed of drone(1.5-2.5 m/s),the height(1.5-2.5 m),and the rotational speed of screw(30-50 r/min)as the influencing factors,a full-factor experiment was designed to test the performance of the rice centrifugal seeding equipment,the distribution uniformity,the real seeding error and the sowing width were collected to evaluate its performance.[Results]The results showed that the centrifugal seeding equipment with quantitative seed supplying for rice based on drone could seed three different rice varieties Wanxiangyouhuazhan,Huanghuazhan and Yongyou12 with controlling seeding rate,and the amount of falling seeds decreases on both sides of the middle concentration.The forward speed and the rotational speed of the quantitative seed supply screw directly affect the amount of falling seeds,and the actual amount error of falling seeds tends to be stable with the increase of the forward speed,and the mathematical model of the effective width and forward speed,working height and screw speed of the UAV sowing is constructed.The distribution uniformity is mainly concentrated within 10-35%,and the actual amount of falling seeds is in the range of 0-25%.Based on the optimal operating parameters

关 键 词：无人机 水稻 播种装置 定量供种 离心式 分布均匀度 

分 类 号：S251[农业科学—农业机械化工程] S223.2[农业科学—农业工程]