参数优化的Kalman滤波用于激光吸收光谱气体测量  

Kalman Filtering with Optimized Parameters for Gas Measurement Using Laser Absorption Spectroscopy

作　　者：李金义[1] 杨雪[1] 张宸阁 薛夫振 杨晓涛[3] Li Jinyi;Yang Xue;Zhang Chenge;Xue Fuzhen;Yang Xiaotao(Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control of Electrical Equipment,School of Control Science and Engineering,Tiangong University,Tianjin 300387,China;PipeChina Eastern Crude Oil Storage and Transportation Co.,Ltd.,Xuzhou 221008,Jiangsu,China;College of Power and Energy Engineering,Harbin Engineering University,Harbin 150001,Heilongjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]天津工业大学控制科学与工程学院天津市电气装备智能控制重点实验室,天津300387 [2]国家管网集团东部原油储运有限公司,江苏徐州221008 [3]哈尔滨工程大学动力与能源工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《光学学报》2022年第18期199-206,共8页Acta Optica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52176064);天津市自然科学基金(20JCYBJC00160)。

摘　　要：可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱(TDLAS)技术在测量过程中不可避免地会受到光学条纹、探测器噪声和电路噪声等干扰,导致输出结果波动较大。使用Kalman滤波器对测量结果进行后处理可有效提高TDLAS系统的测量精度和抗干扰能力。重点对Kalman滤波算法中的测量噪声协方差σ_(V)^(2)与过程激励噪声协方差σ_(W)^(2)的比值g进行了研究。从滤波器输出结果的波动和输出响应时间两个维度入手,通过赋予二者不同的权重得到滤波器的综合效果评价指标R,综合研究了R-g关系,得出了最佳g值为27。同时,仿真验证了Kalman滤波比平滑滤波和扩张状态滤波在抗干扰和稳定性方面的优势。将参数优化后的Kalman滤波器用于TDLAS逃逸氨检测中,体积分数为4.7×10^(-6)的NH_(3)的浓度、体积分数为10^(8)×10^(-6)的NH_(3)的浓度、H_(2)O的浓度、温度的测量精度分别提高了3.54、3.48、3.00、2.80倍。Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy(TDLAS)technology is inevitably interfered by optical fringes,detector noise,and circuit noise during measurement,which results in large output fluctuations.The use of the Kalman filter to post-process the measurement results can effectively improve the measurement precision and anti-interference ability of the TDLAS system.This study focuses on the ratio g of the measured noise covariance σ_(V)^(2) to the process excitation noise covariance σ_(W)^(2) in the Kalman filtering algorithm.Starting with the fluctuation and the response time of the Kalman filter output,the comprehensive effect evaluation index R of the filter is obtained by assigning them different weights,and the comprehensive research on the relationship between R and g shows that the optimal g is 27.Moreover,the advantages of Kalman filtering in anti-interference and stability over smooth filtering and extended state filtering are verified by simulations.The Kalman filter with optimized parameters is applied in the TDLAS ammonia escape detection,and the measurement precision of concentration of NH_(3) with a volume fraction of 4.7×10^(−6),concentration of NH_(3) with a volume fraction of 10^(8)×10^(−6),H_(2)O concentration,and temperature is increased by 3.54,3.48,3.00,and 2.80 times,respectively.

关 键 词：光谱学 调谐激光吸收光谱 KALMAN滤波 测量精度 参数优化 

分 类 号：TH744[机械工程—光学工程]