转色期叶面氮素调控对酿酒葡萄‘赤霞珠’品质的影响  

Effects of foliar nitrogen regulation on the quality of wine grape‘Cabernet Sauvignon′during veraison

作　　者：张舒 王晶[1] 马婷慧[2] 王锐[1] Zhang Shu;Wang Jing;Ma Tinghui;Wang Rui(School of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry,Yinchuan 750011,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,银川750021 [2]宁夏农林科学院,银川750011

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2022年第15期323-329,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：宁夏自然科学基金项目(2020AAC03281);宁夏农业科技自主创新专项(NKYZZ-J-19-04)。

摘　　要：宁夏贺兰山东麓现阶段水肥一体轻简化栽培模式下酿酒葡萄对氮素营养需求发生了巨大变化,如果继续沿用传统氮肥施用方式可能会引发酿酒葡萄成熟过快、浆果内含物累计不足、果皮中酵母可同化氮偏低等问题。以喷清水为对照,在酿酒葡萄转色期内叶面喷施硫酸铵、硝酸铵钙、尿素、苯丙氨酸及谷氨酸5种水溶性氮源,研究不同氮源对酿酒葡萄‘赤霞珠’品质的影响。结果表明:转色期叶面氮素调控的葡萄浆果可溶性固形物以硫酸铵处理最佳,高达29.21%;花色苷在尿素处理下含量高达2.28mg/g,较其余氮素处理提高16.33%~55.10%;单宁含量以苯丙氨酸处理最佳,高达19.88 mg/g;总酚含量在苯丙氨酸处理下高达19.56 mg/g,较其余氮素处理提高8.91%~27.34%。综合分析得出,转色期叶面喷施苯丙氨酸和尿素两种氮源均可改善酿酒葡萄生长发育,提升浆果品质。The integrated light and simplified cultivation of water and fertilizer has been widely applied at the eastern foothills of Helan Mountain in western China.However,it is a high demand for the nitrogen nutrition of wine grapes at the current stage.This study aims to demonstrate the regulation of the foliar nitrogen on wine the grape’Cabernet Sauvignon’during the veraison period,with the location in the Lilan Winery,Yongning County,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China(38°28′N,105°97′E).The test material was 8-year-old wine grape’Cabernet Sauvignon’.A single-factor randomized block design was utilized with the number of blocks equal to the number of replicates.A total of six subjects were chosen for the experiment,including ammonium sulfate,calcium ammonium nitrate,urea,phenylalanine,glutamic acid,and control(water),which were reused three times each.Among them,20 vines were used per replicate subject and 60 vines per treatment for a total of 18plots.The amount of nitrogen fertilizer in each treatment was converted to 1.5‰urea and other quality pure nitrogen.The foliage was firstly sprayed with nitrogen fertilizer three times(July 15,July 31,and August 13)during the veraison period.The photosynthetic indicators of wine grapes were then measured after ten days(August 22),including the net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,intercellular COconcentration,stomatal conductance,leaf area,water use efficiency,and chlorophyll.Once the wine grapes were ripe(September 23),the morphology and yield were determined,including the particle size,spike length,100-grain mass,and yield plant.At the same time,the quality indicators of wine grapes were also determined in this case,including the soluble solids,titratable acids,tannins,anthocyanins,total phenols,and yeast assimilable nitrogen.A variance analysis was carried out on the measured photosynthetic,morphological,yield,and quality indicators,in order to evaluate the different treatments,photosynthesis,and quality indicators of wine grapes.Three principal compon

关 键 词：氮素 尿素 酚 酿酒葡萄 转色期 酵母可同化氮 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]