基于实船试验的河冰载荷特性研究  

Study on River Ice Load Characteristics Based on Field Measurements

作　　者：何帅康 陈晓东[1] 张宝森[2,3] 王键伟 谢志刚[2,3] 季顺迎[1] HE Shuaikang;CHEN Xiaodong;ZHANG Baosen;WANGJianwei;XIE Zhigang;JI Shunying(State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis of Industrial Equipment,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China;Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Research Center on Levee Safety and Disaster Prevention,MWR,Zhengzhou 450003,China)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学工业装备结构分析国家重点实验室,大连116024 [2]黄河水利科学研究院,郑州450003 [3]水利部堤防安全与病害防治工程技术研究中心,郑州450003

出　　处：《中国造船》2022年第4期46-58,共13页Shipbuilding of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1508405,2018YFC1508402-2);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51879116,51979024,52101300);中央高校基本科研业务费(DUT21LK03)。

摘　　要：冰载荷是船舶在冰区航行的主要威胁。为确定内河破冰船在破冰作业中的河冰载荷特性,论文开展了船体结构冰载荷的实船测量。在轻型破冰船上安装了分布式应变测试系统,采用双片式剪应变测试方法对船首部位的结构变形进行测试。通过有限元法建立了船首部位的数值模型,采用影响系数矩阵法对船首监测区域内6个子区域的冰压力进行了识别。试验结果显示,结构冰载荷主要为单峰三角形形式。对破冰过程中的冰载荷峰值和周期的均值、最大值进行了提取与统计分析,统计结果表明河冰载荷的峰值服从Weibull分布。此外,将河冰的冰载荷特征与海冰进行对比,不同厚度的河冰载荷作用形式和周期与海冰具有较高的相似性。由于河冰的强度高于海冰,河冰的载荷峰值略高于相同厚度的海冰。Ice load is the main threat to ships sailing in the ice area.In order to determine the river ice load characteristics providing for the ice breaking operation of icebreakers,full-scale measurements of the ice load on the hull structure were carried out.A distributed strain test system was installed on the light icebreaker.Gauges were located on the starboard waterline of the bow at the rib web,and the structural deformation was measured with the twin-chip shear strain method.A numerical model of the ship’s bow was established with the finite element method and the ice load in six subregions of the monitoring area was identified with the influence coefficient matrix method.Experimental results show that the ice load on the hull structure was mainly in the form of a triangle and with single peak.Statistical results show that the peak value of river ice load obeys Weibull distribution.In addition,loading mode and cycle of the river ice is relatively similar to that of sea ice,but the peak value of river ice load is slightly higher than sea ice with the same thickness.

关 键 词：河冰 冰载荷识别 影响系数矩阵法 统计分析 

分 类 号：U661.4[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程]