博物馆环境空气中五种有机酸的定量分析——离子色谱法  

Quantitative analysis of five organic acids in the air of museums by ion chromatography

作　　者：王倩倩 石安美 唐铭 铁付德 陈星灿[2] 丁莉 WANG Qianqian;SHI Anmei;TANG Ming;TIE Fude;CHEN Xingcan;DING Li(National Museum of China,Beijing 100006,China;The Institute of Archaeology,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国国家博物馆,北京100006 [2]中国社会科学院考古研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2022年第5期103-112,共10页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2020YFC1522102)资助;中国国家博物馆科研项目(GBKX2019Q20)资助。

摘　　要：木质及纸质材料是博物馆环境空气中有机酸最主要的来源,所释放出的挥发性有机酸包含甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸等短链脂肪酸。这些有机酸气体会导致青铜文物的腐蚀,铅质器物表面的风化,珐琅、陶器的腐蚀脆化,丝织品纤维的劣化,纸张寿命的缩短等。为此,本研究建立了一种基于离子色谱同时测定博物馆环境空气中甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸和戊酸等5种挥发性有机酸浓度的方法。以超纯水作为吸收液,吸收液体积为10 mL,采集流量为400 mL/min,主动采样法采集博物馆环境空气样品。采用5 mmol/L KOH淋洗液等度洗脱,在9 min内可同时测定五种挥发性有机酸的浓度。结果表明,在0.05~0.50μg/mL的线性范围内,甲酸根、乙酸根、丙酸根、丁酸根、戊酸根的标准曲线的相关系数均高于0.995,检出限为0.001~0.009μg/mL,定量限为0.004~0.030μg/mL;五种有机酸根的加标回收率为91.4%~107.4%。库房A中检测到的甲酸、乙酸的浓度范围分别为36.40~85.44μg/m^(3),274.42~312.11μg/m^(3);库房B中检测到的甲酸、乙酸、丙酸的浓度范围分别为18.66~34.00μg/m^(3),123.53~152.55μg/m^(3),15.80~24.48μg/m^(3)。该方法具有采样简单,样品无需前处理,检测时间短,成本低等优点,适用于博物馆的日常检测工作。Wood and paper materials are the main sources of organic acids in the air of museums.Released volatile organic acids include formic acid,acetic acid,propionic acid,butyric acid,valeric acid and other short-chain organic acids.These organic acid gases will lead to the corrosion of bronze relics,surface weathering of lead utensils,corrosion and embrittlement of enamel and pottery,deterioration of silk fibers,and shortening of paper life.In our study,a method based on ion chromatography for the simultaneous determination of formic acid,acetic acid,propionic acid,butyric acid and valeric acid in the air of museum was established.Using ultrapure water as an absorbent with the volume of 10 mL,air samples were collected by the active sampling method at a flow rate of 400 mL/min.A 5 mmol/L KOH eluent was used for isocratic elution,and concentrations of the five volatile organic acids could be determined simultaneously within 9 min.The results show that in the linear range of 0.05~0.5μg/mL,correlation coefficients of formate,acetate,propionate,butyrate and valerate were higher than 0.995,detection limits were 0.001~0.009μg/mL and quantitation limits were 0.004~0.030μg/mL.Recoveries of the five organic acids were 91.4%~107.4%.Concentration ranges of formic acid and acetic acid detected in Warehouse A were 36.40~85.44μg/m^(3) and 274.42~312.11μg/m^(3),respectively,and concentration ranges of formic acid,acetic acid and propionic acid detected in Warehouse B were 18.66~34.00μg/m^(3),123.53~152.55μg/m^(3) and 15.80~24.48μg/m^(3),respectively.This method has the advantages of simple sampling,no sample pretreatment,short detection time and low cost,which is suitable for the daily detection in museums.

关 键 词：博物馆 环境空气 有机酸 离子色谱 

分 类 号：K87[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] X823[历史地理—历史学]