盐与碱胁迫对燕麦离子平衡和有机酸含量的影响  

Effect of Salt and Alkali Stress on Oat Ion Balance and Organic Acid Content

作　　者：李俊伟[1,3] 刘景辉 王俊英[2] 郭来春[3] 王春龙 任长忠 LI Junwei;LIU Jinghui;WANG Junying;GUO Laichun;WANG Chunlong;REN Changzhong(College of Agriculture,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University/Multigrain Industry Collaborative Innovation Center,Hohhot 010019,China;Institute of Biotechnology,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Jilin Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Baicheng,Jilin 137000,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学农学院/杂粮产业协同创新中心,呼和浩特010019 [2]中国农业科学院生物技术研究所,北京100081 [3]吉林省白城农业科学院,吉林白城137000

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2022年第10期1700-1710,共11页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划国际合作重点专项(2018YFE0107900);国家燕麦荞麦产业技术体系(CARS-07)。

摘　　要：以燕麦品种‘白燕2号’为材料,试验分别设置0、50、100、150、200 mmol/L盐胁迫(NaCl∶Na_(2)SO_(4)=5∶1)和碱胁迫(NaHCO_(3)∶Na_(2)CO_(3)=5∶1)处理的温室内盆栽试验,观测燕麦植株生长速率、植株含水率、叶片离子含量及叶片各类有机酸含量,分析不同盐胁迫、碱胁迫对燕麦离子平衡的影响,并比较燕麦对两类胁迫的适应性差异。结果显示:(1)燕麦植株生长速率和植株含水率在低浓度(50和100 mmol/L)盐胁迫下均升高,而高浓度(150和200 mmol/L)盐胁迫下则降低;燕麦植株生长速率和植株含水率均随碱胁迫浓度增加而降低;在相同胁迫浓度下,碱胁迫对植株生长率、植株含水率的影响大于盐胁迫。(2)燕麦叶片K^(+)、Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)、H_(3)PO_(4)^(-)、NO_(3)^(-)含量均随盐、碱浓度升高而降低,而Na^(+)、Cl^(-)、SO_(4)^(2-)含量在盐、碱胁迫下均大幅上升;200 mmol/L盐、碱胁迫下,Na^(+)含量分别较对照增加367.15%和518.41%,Cl^(-)含量分别较对照增加785.07%和52.59%,SO_(4)^(2-)分别较对照增加142.01%和52.86%。(3)200 mmol/L盐、碱胁迫下,有机酸分别较对照增加74.52%和1232.34%;碱胁迫及高浓度盐胁迫下燕麦叶片的柠檬酸、乌头酸、琥珀酸和苹果酸含量均高于对照,且乌头酸是燕麦响应盐胁迫、碱胁迫的主要有机酸成分,柠檬酸和琥珀酸略有变化,而甲酸、乙酸、乳酸、苹果酸、草酸含量均相对较低。研究表明,碱胁迫对燕麦植株生长速率、植株含水率、叶片离子含量及叶片各类有机酸含量的影响大于盐胁迫;盐胁迫与碱胁迫均引起燕麦叶片阳离子(Na^(+))大量积累,而K^(+)、Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)、H_(3)PO_(4)^(-)及NO_(3)^(-)吸收受阻;燕麦叶片在盐胁迫下主要通过积累Cl^(-)调节叶片离子平衡,而碱胁迫下主要通过积累有机酸来调节离子平衡;有机酸是燕麦叶片响应碱胁迫的特异代谢物,其中乌头酸是其有机酸的主要成分。The oat variety‘Baiyan No.2’was used as the material.Setting the salt solution(NaCl∶Na_(2)SO_(4)=5∶1)and the alkali solution(NaHCO_(3)∶Na_(2)CO_(3)=5∶1)with 0,50,100,150,200 mmol/L,respectively,we carried out the potting experiments in the greenhouse.The growth rate,plant water content,leaf ion content and leaf organic acid content of oat were detected.We analyzed the effects of the salt stress and alkali stress on oat ion balance and compared the adaptability of oat to the two types of stress.The results showed that:(1)the plant growth rate and plant water content increased under lower salt stress(50 and 100 mmol/L),and decreased under higher salt stress(150 and 200 mmol/L).However,it depressed with the alkali stress concentration increasing.At the same saline concentration,the influence of alkali stress on plant is greater than salt stress.(2)The contents of K^(+),Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),SO_(4)^(2-),H_(3)PO_(4)^(-)and NO_(3)^(-)decreased with the concentration increasing of both salt stress and alkali stress.The contents of Na^(+),Cl^(-)and SO_(4)^(2-)increased significantly under salt and alkali stress.For example,comparing with CK,at the 200 mmol/L of salt stress and alkali stress,Na^(+)increased 367.15%and 518.41%,respectively;Cl^(-)increased 785.07%and 52.59%,respectively;SO_(4)^(2-)increased 142.01%and 52.86%,respectively.(3)At 200 mmol/L of the salt stress and alkali stress,the organic acids increased 74.52%and 1232.34%,respectively.The contents of citrate,aconite,succinate and malic acid were higher in oat leaves under alkali stress and higher concentration of salt stress,and the aconic acid is the main component of total organic acids under both salt stress and alkali stress,citric acid and succinate acid were changed significantly,there were less formic acid,acetic acid,lactic acid,malate acid and oxalic acid.It is concluded that the effect of the alkali stress is more harmful on oat plant growth rate,plant water content,leaf ion content and organic acids than salt stress.Both salt stress and alkal

关 键 词：燕麦 盐胁迫 碱胁迫 离子平衡 有机酸 

分 类 号：Q946.91[生物学—植物学] S512.6[农业科学—作物学]