国境口岸截获象牙地理溯源分析初探  

A Preliminary Analysis of Geographic Traceability of Ivory Intercepted at Frontier Ports

作　　者：苏倡 高瑞芳 陈进会 刘建丽 刘荭 徐艳春[1,4,5] SU Chang;GAO Ruifang;CHEN Jinhui;LIU Jianli;LIU Hong;XU Yanchun(College of Wildlife and Protected Area,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin,150040,China;Animal and Plant Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center of Shenzhen Customs District,Shenzhen,518045,China;Technology Center of Huangpu Customs District,Dongguan,523070,China;National Forestry and Grassland Administration Detecting Center of Wildlife,Harbin,150040,China;National Forestry and Grassland Administration Research Center of Engineering Technology for Wildlife Conservation and Utilization,Harbin,150040,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学野生动物与自然保护地学院,哈尔滨150040 [2]深圳海关动植物检验检疫技术中心,深圳518045 [3]黄埔海关技术中心,东莞523070 [4]国家林业和草原局野生动植物检测中心,哈尔滨150040 [5]国家林业和草原局野生动物保护与利用工程技术研究中心,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2022年第4期907-917,共11页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：海关总署科研项目(2020HK168)。

摘　　要：国境口岸截获象牙的地理溯源是识别非法象牙来源地,确定走私热点地区,描绘走私通道,有针对性地打击象牙非法贸易的重要前提。利用线粒体DNA单倍型溯源的方法,对我国的126份国境口岸截获象牙样本进行地理溯源。从126份样本中共得出22个地理单倍型,为2个支系和7个进化枝。通过Loxodonta Localizer数据库比对分析,109份样本确定了地理来源,进而推断出3个来源地:中非刚果盆地的Tridom跨境生态保护区,东非的肯尼亚、坦桑尼亚和乌干达等国及非洲南部的KAZA跨境保护区。这3块地区也是目前国际公认的象牙盗猎最为严重的热点地区。将溯源结果与跨国犯罪组织的象牙偷猎、贩运和走私网络结合分析,将为海关缉私部门打击国际象牙走私链条提供有效的信息和关注重点。The geographical traceability of ivory intercepted at frontier ports is an important prerequisite for identifying the source of illegal ivory,determining the major poaching hotspots,describing the smuggling channels and cracking down on the illegal trade of ivory.In this study,we used the method of mitochondrial DNA haplotype to trace the geographical origin of 126 ivory samples intercepted at frontier ports in China.A total of 22 geographic haplotypes were identified from 126 samples,including two clades and seven subclades.Through the comparative analysis of Loxodonta Localizer database,the geographic origin of 109 samples was determined,and then inferred three sources:Tridom protected ecosystem in the Congo Basin of Central Africa;Kenya,Tanzania and Uganda in East Africa and the Kavango-Zambezi(KAZA)Transfrontier Conservation Area of southern Africa.These three areas are also internationally recognized as the most serious hot spots for ivory poaching.Combining the traceability results with the ivory poaching,trafficking and smuggling networks of transnational criminal organizations will provide effective information and focus for customs anti-smuggling departments to combat the international ivory smuggling chain.

关 键 词：象牙 线粒体DNA 地理溯源 

分 类 号：Q953[生物学—动物学]