不诉案件少捕问题研究--基于207份不起诉决定书的分析  

Research on Fewer Arrests in Non-Prosecution Cases:Analysis Based on 207 Non-prosecution Decisions

作　　者：吴辰凯 WU Chen-kai(School of Criminal Law,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 200050)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学刑事法学院,上海200050

出　　处：《巢湖学院学报》2022年第4期22-31,共10页Journal of Chaohu University

摘　　要：近二十年来,我国重罪案件以及暴力犯罪案件所占比例连年下降。2020年开始,最高检力推“少捕慎诉慎押”理念,逮捕和起诉率呈现较为明显的下降态势,在大量最终提起公诉的案件中,已不再适用逮捕措施。与起诉案件相比,最终不起诉的轻伤害案件性质大多更为轻缓,但逮捕率却依旧较高,进一步降低逮捕率需要从此类轻罪案件入手,摒弃“构罪即捕”“有罪必诉”的理念。通过对207份故意伤害罪不起诉决定书的分析,得出认罪认罚、赔偿、被害人谅解等因素对判断是否适用逮捕措施影响显著,但过度重视赔偿等因素对逮捕的影响,其合理性存在疑问。应通过提高认罪认罚案件中“少捕”力度,及时变更强制措施、理性看待赔偿因素以及消除对逮捕要件的误解等,以达到贯彻与完善“少捕慎诉慎押”刑事司法政策的目的。In the past 20 years,the proportion of serious crimes and violent crimes in China has been declining year after year.Starting in 2020,the Supreme People′s Procuratorate has promoted the concept of"fewer arrests,prosecutions and detentions",which has brought a significant decline in arrest and prosecution rates.In many cases where public prosecutions were finally filed,arrest measures were no longer applicable.Compared with prosecution cases,the nature of minor injury cases that are not prosecuted in the end is mostly milder,but the arrest rate is still relatively high.To further reduce the arrest rate,we need to start with such misdemeanor cases and abandon the concepts of"arrest upon conviction"and"prosecution upon conviction".Based on the analysis of 207 non-prosecution decisions for the crime of intentional injury,it is concluded that factors such as guilty plea,compensation,and victim′s understanding have a significant impact on the applicability of arrest measures,but the rationality of over-emphasis on the influence of such compensation factors on arrest is questionable.We should increase the intensity of"fewer arrests"in guilty plea cases,timely change compulsory measures,rationally treat compensation factors,and eliminate misunderstanding of arrest requirements to achieve the implementation and improvement of the"fewer arrests,prosecutions and detentions"criminal justice policy.

关 键 词：少捕慎诉慎押 逮捕 不起诉 故意伤害罪 轻罪案件 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]