目标决策还是动作诱发?动作反应对注意促进效应的影响  

Target decision or action?The role of action in the attentional boost effect

作　　者：郑思琦 孟迎芳 黄发杰 ZHENG Siqi;MENG Yingfang;HUANG Fajie(School of Psychology,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350117,China;School of Health,Fujian Medical University,Fuzhou 350117,China)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学心理学院,福州350117 [2]福建医科大学健康学院,福州350117

出　　处：《心理学报》2022年第11期1325-1339,共15页Acta Psychologica Sinica

摘　　要：注意促进效应(ABE)指的是在双任务条件下,伴随探测任务的目标刺激呈现的背景信息记忆成绩要优于伴随分心刺激呈现的背景信息记忆成绩的现象。以往研究主张,ABE的产生主要源于目标决策时所诱发的注意增强。但由于目标探测往往伴随着动作反应,而已有研究发现,动作反应就能直接诱发背景信息的记忆增强效应,因此ABE也可能源于动作诱发的记忆增强效应。为此,研究设置了NoGo目标探测条件与Go目标探测条件,通过4个实验系统地探讨了动作反应与目标决策在ABE产生中的作用及关系。结果表明,Go目标探测条件下的ABE是稳定的,但NoGo目标探测条件下的ABE会受到动作反应频率对分心词的影响。此外,NoGo目标探测跨条件的ABE也是非常稳定的。这些结果表明,目标决策产生的注意促进作用是相对稳定的,但ABE的产生更多是目标决策的促进作用与动作诱发的记忆增强效应动态权衡后的结果。The attentional boost effect(ABE)represents a phenomenon in which,in some dual tasks,increasing attention to a brief target in a detection task can enhance memory for unrelated items that are presented at the same time(relative to distractor-paired items).The ABE was different from the dual-task interference phenomenon found in previous studies,and to explain the ABE,Swallow and Jiang proposed a dual-task interaction model.This model claimed that the ABE was mainly triggered by the decision that an item is a target,which can lead to the transient but widespread perceptual enhancement of information by inducing a temporal selection mechanism.However,in ABE studies,the target detection tasks always coincide with Go responses that require action.One recent study found that action can enhance memory for unrelated items,which was called action-induced memory enhancement(AIME).Therefore,it is unclear whether the ABE is induced by the action or the target decision.To address this question,in the present study,the verbal paradigm of the ABE was modified and designed with a NoGo-target detection condition(NoGo-targets vs.Go-distractors)to separate target items from action responses,and a traditional Go-target detection condition(Go-targets vs.NoGo-distractors)was used for comparison.If the ABE is mainly triggered by the target decision,then NoGo-target detection could trigger the cross-conditional ABE(relative to NoGo-distractor items).In contrast,if the ABE is mainly triggered by the action,the NoGo-target items will not have any memory advantage.The present study included four experiments,and 137 valid data points were collected,including 33 valid data points in Experiment 1,35 valid data points in Experiment 2,36 valid data points in Experiment 3,and 33 valid data points in Experiment 4.The only difference among the four experiments was that the ratio of target-to-distractor items was different during the dual-task encoding phase.In Experiment 1,the ratio of target-to-distractor items was the same as that in the classi

关 键 词：注意促进效应 动作记忆增强效应 双任务交互模型 GO 目标探测 NOGO 目标探测 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]