阿尔茨海默病转基因小鼠模型特点和应用进展  

Characteristics and Application of Transgenic Mouse Models in Alzheimer's Disease

作　　者：魏枫 程维维[1] 尹雅芙 WEI Feng;CHENG Weiwei;YIN Yafu(Department of Nuclear Medicine,Xinhua Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院核医学科,上海200092

出　　处：《实验动物与比较医学》2022年第5期432-439,共8页Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“基于多靶点分子影像技术的小胶质细胞自噬和极化调控在阿尔茨海默病细胞期治疗机制的研究”(81994290);上海市浦江人才计划“星形胶质细胞衰老和自噬在阿尔茨海默病发生发展中作用机制的分子靶向研究”(2019PJD032)。

摘　　要：阿尔茨海默病是一种常见的神经退行性疾病,临床主要表现为进行性记忆能力丧失和整体认知能力下降。两种典型的病理特征为在脑内检测到的老年斑和神经纤维缠结,分别由大量沉淀的淀粉样蛋白肽和过度磷酸化的Tau蛋白组成。除此之外还有神经炎性反应以及神经元广泛丢失等其他病理特征。在过去的几十年间虽然人们已经对阿尔茨海默病进行了大量的研究,但是其病因和发病机制仍不明确,至今也没有理想的治疗药物和根治方法。本综述介绍在临床前研究中使用的各种转基因动物模型的各自特点,及其目前在临床前研究中的应用情况,为未来的实验研究提供理论依据。Alzheimer's disease is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive memory loss and overall cognitive decline.Two typical pathological features are senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles detected in the brain,which consist of large amounts of precipitated amyloid peptide and hyperphosphorylated Tau protein,respectively.In addition,there are other pathological features such as neuroinflammatory response and extensive loss of neurons.In the past decades,a lot of research has been done on Alzheimer's disease,but its etiology and pathogenesis are still unclear,and there is no ideal treatment or radical cure.This review introduced the characteristics of various transgenic animal models and their current application in preclinical studies,in order to provide theoretical basis for future experimental studies.

关 键 词：阿尔茨海默病 转基因小鼠 动物模型 Β淀粉样蛋白 TAU蛋白 

分 类 号：Q95-33[生物学—动物学] R-332[医药卫生]