“毒树之果”规则的适用分析与本土化构建  

Application Analysis and Localization Construction of "Fruit of Poison Tree" Rule

作　　者：陈智恒 CHEN Zhi-heng(Law School,Anhui University,Hefei230601,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽大学法学院,安徽合肥230601

出　　处：《青岛远洋船员职业学院学报》2022年第3期6-13,共8页Journal of Qingdao Ocean Shipping Mariners College

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目:“核心价值观融入法治建设中西比较研究”(项目编号:17VHJ010)。

摘　　要：“毒树之果”规则是指由非法证据所获取的信息而收集的证据也不能被采信。其源于美国联邦最高法院的判例,后被世界各国引入并不断发展。在我国推进全面依法治国、建设法治国家的背景下,引入“毒树之果”规则对于维护正当程序,促使司法人员依法取证、保障当事人的基本人权具有重大意义。基于“毒树之果”规则的基本范式、适用范围和适用方式,我国应当立足本国诉讼传统和司法实践确立这一规则。首先将“毒树”的范围扩大至侵犯被追诉人、证人、被害人合法权益所收集的非法证据;其次采取相对排除的方式,允许法官进行个案裁量;最后以现行法律、司法解释和规定为基础,通过指导性案例和制定法律相结合的方式逐步在我国确立“毒树之果”规则。The "fruit of the poison tree" rule refers to the information obtained from illegal evidence,and the evidence collected cannot be accepted.It originated from the jurisprudence of the United States Supreme Court and was introduced and developed all over the world.Under the background of promoting the comprehensive rule of law and building a country under the rule of law,the introduction of the "fruit of poison tree" rule is of great significance for maintaining due process,promoting judicial personnel to obtain evidence according to law and protecting the basic human rights of the parties.After analyzing the basic paradigm,scope and mode of application of the "fruit of poison tree" rule,China should establish this rule based on its own litigation tradition and judicial practice.First,expand the scope of "poison tree" to illegal evidence collected by infringing on the legitimate rights and interests of the accused,witnesses and victims;Secondly,it adopts the method of relative exclusion to allow judges to make case discretion;Finally,based on the current laws,judicial interpretations and regulations,the rule of "fruit of poison tree" is gradually established in China through the combination of guiding cases and enacting laws.

关 键 词：非法证据排除 毒树之果 重复供述 刑讯逼供 相对排除 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]