不同盐度、密度及单胞藻对小刀蛏幼虫生长、存活的影响  

Effects of Salinity, Breeding Density and Unicellular Algae on Growth and Survival of Razor Clam (Cultellus attenuatus) Larva

作　　者：王永旺 于瑞海[1] 刘洋[1] 李海昆 李春华[1] Wang Yongwang;Yu Ruihai;Liu Yang;Li Haikun;Li Chunhua(The Key Laboratory of Mariculture(Ocean University of China),Ministry of Education,Qingdao 266003,China)

机构地区：[1]海水养殖教育部重点实验室(中国海洋大学),山东青岛266003

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第S01期20-27,共8页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：山东省重点研究发展项目(2016GSF115013)资助。

摘　　要：为确定小刀蛏(Cultellus attenuatus)苗种规模化繁育的最适条件,本文比较了不同盐度、培育密度和单胞藻对小刀蛏幼虫生长、存活和变态的影响。研究表明:随着培育盐度的增加,幼虫的生长速率、存活率及变态率均呈现先升高后降低的趋势,低盐和高盐条件均不利于幼虫的生长和存活;幼虫适宜的存活盐度为15~30,适宜生长的盐度为20~25,均衡存活和生长两个指标,最适合幼虫的盐度为20~25。随着培育密度的增加,幼虫的生长速度、存活率及变态率逐渐下降,D形幼虫至壳顶幼虫前期的最适培育密度为5个/mL,壳顶幼虫后期至匍匐幼虫的最适培育密度为1个/mL。球等鞭金藻(Isochrysis galbana)和小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)混合投喂对小刀蛏幼虫的生长、存活及变态促进效果最好。实验结果表明,在盐度20~25,前期培育密度5个/mL、后期培育密度1个/mL,混合投喂球等鞭金藻和小球藻(1∶1)条件下可以取得较好的培育效果。In this study, the effects of different salinities, breeding densities and unicellular algae on the growth, survival and metamorphosis of razor clam(Cultellus attenuatus) larvae were investigated. Results demonstrated that the larvae of C. attenuatus are tolerant to a wide range of salinities(15~30). However, their growth and survival were consistently inhibited by relatively low(10) and high(36) salinities. The salinities between 15 and 30 were suitable for the survival of C. attenuatus larvae, and salinities between 20 and 25 were suitable for the growth of C. attenuatus larvae, and the optimum salinity for growth ranged from 20 to 25. The larvae fed with mixed algae(Isochrysis galbana and Chlorella vulgaris at a ratio of 1∶1) showed better performance than the larvae fed with single alga. The appropriate breeding density from D-shaped larvae to early umbo larvae was proved to be 5 ind./mL, and was 1 ind./mL for the larvae from the late umbo stage to the creeping stage. The results showed that the larvae had the best rearing effect when the salinity was 20 and 25;the cultivation density was 5 ind./mL in the early stage and 1 ind./mL in the late stage and feed was mixed algae.

关 键 词：小刀蛏 幼虫 盐度 单胞藻 培育密度 生长 存活 变态 

分 类 号：S968.3[农业科学—水产养殖]