基于隐性核雄性不育系的杂交小麦制种技术研究进展、问题与展望  

Research progress,problems,and prospects in hybrid wheat seed production technology based on recessive nuclear genetic male sterile lines

作　　者：李健 周宽基 王峥 周君莉 邓兴旺 Jian Li;Kuanji Zhou;Zheng Wang;Junli Zhou;Xing Wang Deng(Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences,Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agriculture Sciences in Weifang,Weifang 261325,China;Frontier Laboratory of System Crop Design,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]潍坊现代农业山东省实验室,北京大学现代农业研究院,潍坊261325 [2]未名兴旺系统作物设计前沿实验室(北京)有限公司,北京102206

出　　处：《科学通报》2022年第26期3140-3151,共12页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金(ZR2021ZD30)资助。

摘　　要：小麦作为人类最重要的粮食作物之一,面临大幅提高产量以满足人口持续膨胀的挑战,而杂交小麦被认为是提高小麦产量的首选途径.作为自花授粉作物,小麦杂交种的生产应用需要稳定的雄性不育母本和高效经济的杂交育种体系.相比其他雄性不育材料,小麦隐性细胞核雄性不育具有不育性稳定、恢复源广泛等优点,是建立杂交育种体系理想的母本材料.本文综述了近年来小麦隐性细胞核雄性不育突变体的研究进展,包括正向遗传学的基因克隆和通过基因编辑技术获得的多重突变体.本文详述了国内外通过染色体操作建立的小麦杂交育种体系,分析了各体系的优缺点及改进措施,以及利用分子设计育种建立的小麦第三代杂交育种体系的研究进展,并讨论了提高小麦杂种优势、降低杂交种生产成本和播种量的必要性与相应解决方案.As one of the world’s most important staple crops,wheat breeders face the challenge of dramatically increasing wheat yield to meet the demand of the continually expanding human population.Hybrid wheat is considered to be the preferred approach to improve wheat yield.Because wheat is a self-pollinated crop,the production and application of hybrid wheat require a stable male-sterile female parent and a cost-efficient hybrid breeding system.Chemical hybridization agent(CHA)-induced male sterile lines,cytoplasmic male sterile(CMS)lines,and photoperiod/thermo-sensitive genic male sterile(PTGMS)lines have been successfully used as female parents for hybrid seed production.However,all of these strategies have limitations or production risks.Wheat recessive nuclear genetic malesterile mutants(also called non-conditional recessive nuclear genetic male-sterile mutants),by contrast,are more ideal female parents for establishing hybrid breeding systems because of their excellent characteristics,such as insensitivity to environmental and climate conditions and wide availability of restoration genes.Here we summarize the wheat hybrid breeding systems based on non-conditional recessive nuclear male-sterile mutants.The XYZ system was the first proposed system that was based on the recessive ms mutation on homeologous chromosome 5 and an alien chromosome 5R from rye(Secale cereale L.)possessing the corresponding Ms gene for fertility restoration and the marker gene Hp.The 4E-ms system and two other similar systems are updated versions of XYZ that are based on the ms1 mutation and an alien 4E chromosome from Agropyron elongatum ssp.ruthenicum that carries a gene homologous to Ms1 and the blue-aleurone(Ba)gene as a marker of the maintainer.However,there are some defects in these systems that result from the hereditary instability of the alien chromosome,such as the accumulation of the X line or dark blue seeds and the insufficient purity of the Z line or male sterile line.To improve the 4E-ms and similar systems,some modern techn

关 键 词：小麦 隐性核雄性不育 外源染色体 杂交制种体系 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]