希利斯·米勒与美国解构主义批评的“伦理转向”  

J. Hillis Miller and the “Ethical Turn” of American Deconstructive Criticism

作　　者：李石 Li Shi(Department of Chinese,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学中文系

出　　处：《外国文学研究》2022年第5期57-68,共12页Foreign Literature Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“文学伦理学批评的理论资源与对外传播研究”(21&ZD264);中国博士后科学基金第70批面上资助项目“华人学者中国现代文学研究的批评伦理反思”(2021M703776)。

摘　　要：20世纪六十年代以来,法国后结构主义的“他者伦理”与美国社会平权运动产生合流,形成声势浩大的反正统、尊重多元差异的文化思潮,也极大影响了美国解构主义批评以及新历史主义、后殖民主义、女性主义乃至各种文化研究潮流。然而,他者伦理的绝对化也导致文本被赋予过度的政治阐释,造成理论话语的分裂和泛滥。米勒的批评伦理转向就是对“他者伦理”的反思。他试图回到康德的绝对道德律令,强调叙述的确定性法则,建构一种尊重文本的阅读伦理。但是,对于如何建构确定的阅读规范这一关键问题,米勒始终显得犹疑不决,显示了他的局限性。对于国内学界而言,米勒的批评伦理转向有必要的知识意义,启示了从跨文化批评领域进一步拓展“强制阐释论”的反思潜能。Since the 1960s, the “ethics of the other” of French poststructuralism and the American civil rights movement have converged to form a strong anti-orthodox and pro-diversity cultural trend that exerted a great impact on American Deconstructive Criticism, New Historicism, Postcolonialism, Feminism and various cultural studies. The absolutization of the “ethics of the other,” nonetheless, has led to a practice of imposing excessive political interpretation on the text as well as a randome division and proliferation of theoretical discourse.Miller’s ethical turn is clearly a reflection on the “ethics of the other.” He tried to return to Kant’s absolute moral law, emphasizing the certainty of narration, and constructing a reading ethics that respects the text. However, as to how to construct a certain reading standard, Miller seemed quite hesitant all along and showed his limitations. For the domestic academic circles,it is necessary to understand the significance of Miller’s ethical turn in criticism because it illustrates the need for a further reflection on “imposed interpretation” in the field of cross-cultural criticism.

关 键 词：美国解构主义批评 希利斯·米勒 批评伦理 强制阐释 

分 类 号：I0[文学—文学理论]